In our integrated series of case-control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland (324 oral, 397 pharyngeal, 271 oesophageal, 506 laryngeal cancers and 3,263 controls), individuals who also drank alcoholic beverages outside meals showed an increased risk compared to those who drank at meals only.
Pipe smoking and cancers of the upper digestive tract
✍ Scribed by Giorgia Randi; Lorenza Scotti; Cristina Bosetti; Renato Talamini; Eva Negri; Fabio Levi; Silvia Franceschi; Carlo La Vecchia
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2007
- Tongue
- French
- Weight
- 67 KB
- Volume
- 121
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0020-7136
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✦ Synopsis
Abstract
Pipe smoking has been related to the risk of cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tract, but quantification of the risk for exclusive pipe smokers is still limited. To analyse the association between exclusive pipe smoking and cancers of the upper digestive tract, we used data from a series of case–control studies conducted in Italy and Switzerland between 1984 and 1999. After excluding cigarette and cigar smokers, 41 male oral and pharyngeal cancer cases, 52 male oesophageal cancer cases and 1,032 male controls were included in the present analysis. Odds ratios (OR) of cancers were estimated by the mean of unconditional multivariate logistic regression, including terms for age, study centre, education, body mass index, and alcohol drinking. Compared to never smokers, exclusive pipe smokers had an OR of 8.7 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.0–18.9] of all upper digestive tract cancers. The OR was 12.6 for oral and pharyngeal and 7.2 for oesophageal cancer. Pipe smokers who were also heavy alcohol drinkers had an OR of 38.8 (95% CI: 13.6–110.9) as compared to never smokers and light drinkers. Thus, pipe smoking and heavy alcohol drinking appears to interact at least on a multiplicative model. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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