Examining the Submicron World

✍ Scribed by S. Chiang, R. J. Wilson (auth.), Ralph Feder, J. Wm. McGowan, Douglas M. Shinozaki (eds.)

• Publisher: Springer US
• Year: 1986
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 381
• Series: NATO ASI Series 137
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

An Institute like ours cannot help but lend credence to the notion of the late Derek J. de Solla Price of Yale University that "the scientific revolution was largely the improvement, invention and use of a series of instruments . . . . that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions". Most of science today and in years gone by depends on the experimental observation of struc­ ture on the small scale with microscopes, and on the large scale with telescopes. The first instruments to expand the observational range of the human eye were simple optical systems, designed in the case of microscopes and telescopes to magnify the image. The big breakthrough in the 17th century was not when Galileo first turned his telescope to the heavens, but when improvements in lens-grinding techniques allowed eyeglass makers to make the first telescope. Early microscopy revealed new and previously unsuspected microstruc­ tures in biological and non-biological materials and thus helped to enlarge on the understanding of the relationship between structure and properties. The natural inclination of all microscopists, the desire to observe ever smaller structures, was satisfied by the construction of higher quality optical systems which reduced the aberrations limiting the usable magnification. The modem optical microscope is the result of this evolution in design and construction, and it can be operated easily to achieve close to the theoretical resolution.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter....Pages i-xii
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy....Pages 1-19
Applications and Limitations of Sims....Pages 21-34
Analytical Ion Microscopy of Cells and Tissues....Pages 35-50
Electron Spectroscopies for Studying Chemical Bondings at Surfaces....Pages 51-70
High Resolution Electron Microscopy in Materials Science....Pages 71-132
Electron Microscopy in Real Colours....Pages 133-136
Scattered Electrons in Biological Structure Determination....Pages 137-151
An Improved Method for High Contrast Phase Electron Microscopy....Pages 153-158
Energy Deposition by X-Rays and Electrons....Pages 159-167
Synchrotron Radiation and the Submicron World: Selected Activities at the Daresbury Laboratory, UK....Pages 169-190
Properties of Polymer Resists....Pages 191-214
Fabrication of Very Small Structures....Pages 215-229
Lenses for Soft X-Rays and X-Ray Microscopy Experiments....Pages 231-250
Scanning Soft X-ray Microscopy at the Brookhaven Lightsource....Pages 251-264
Development of a Scanning X-Ray Microscope at the Daresbury Laboratory....Pages 265-276
X-ray Contact Microscopy....Pages 277-298
Ultra Soft X-Ray Contact Microscopy: A New Tool For Plant And Animal Cytology....Pages 299-350
Soft X-Ray Microscopy of Activated Human Platelets....Pages 351-370
Back Matter....Pages 371-372

✦ Subjects

Social Sciences, general