Differential regulation of interleukin-6 receptors by interleukin-6 and interferons in multiple myeloma cell lines* Cytokines" Institut Curie, Selection de Biologie, Paris
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mediates pleiotropic functions through specific receptors (IL-6R) composed of an 80-kDa binding protein, associated with a non-ligand binding protein (gp130) which transduces the signal. Because IL-6 is the major tumor growth factor in multiple myeloma, we investigated the regulation of ILdR in two human multiple myeloma cell lines. Binding experiments with 1251-labeled IL-6 showed that IL-6R were expressed at a high density on RPMI-8226 cells (15 000 receptorskell), but no specific binding was detected on XG-1 cells, whose growth depends on the presence of exogenous IL-6. However, when IL-6 was removed from the culture medium, high-affinity IL-6R appeared on the surface of XG-1 cells (5300 siteskell). Treatment of RPMI-8226 cells with IL-6 reduced the number of IL-6R without changing their affinity. This reduction was dose dependent and was not affected by acid treatment which dissociates ligandreceptor complexes. Cross-linking experiments showed that the formation of one IL-G/receptor complex of 160 kDa markedly decreased upon IL-6 treatment, while the other complex of 190 kDa became undetectable. These data provide evidence for ligand-induced down-regulation of membrane IL-6R expression in myeloma cells. Treatment of RPMI-8226 cells with interferon-a (IFN-a), which inhibits the growth of these cells, stimulated IL-6R expression and increased the formation of the 160-kDa IL-6Ireceptor complex.This stimulation was specific for IFN-a, since IFNy reduced the number of IL-6R. These data indicate that, in myeloma cells, IL-6R are differentially regulated by IL-6 and IFN-a.