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Application of a distributed blowing snow model to the Arctic

โœ Scribed by J. W. POMEROY; P. MARSH; D. M. GRAY


Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1997
Tongue
English
Weight
480 KB
Volume
11
Category
Article
ISSN
0885-6087

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โœฆ Synopsis


Transportation, sublimation and accumulation of snow dominate snow cover development in the Arctic and produce episodic high evaporative ยฏuxes. Unfortunately, blowing snow processes are not presently incorporated in any hydrological or meteorological models. To demonstrate the application of simple algorithms that represent blowing snow processes, monthly snow accumulation, relocation and sublimation ยฏuxes were calculated and applied in a spatially distributed manner to a 68-km 2 catchment in the low Arctic of north-western Canada. The model uses a Landsat-derived vegetation classiยฎcation and a digital elevation model to segregate the basin into snow sources' and sinks'. The model then relocates snow from sources to sinks and calculates in-transit sublimation loss. The resulting annual snow accumulation in speciยฎc landscape types was compared with the result of intensive surveys of snow depth and density. On an annual basis, 28% of annual snowfall sublimated from tundra surfaces whilst 18% was transported to sink areas. Annual blowing snow transport to sink areas amounted to an additional 16% of annual snowfall to shrubยฑtundra and an additional 182% to drifts. For the catchment, 19 . 5% of annual snowfall sublimated from blowing snow, 5 . 8% was transported into the catchment and 86 . 5% accumulated on the ground. The model overestimated snow accumulation in the catchment by 6%. The application demonstrates that winter precipitation alone is insucient to calculate snow accumulation and that blowing snow processes and landscape patterns govern the spatial distribution and total accumulation of snow water equivalent over the winter. These processes can be modelled by relatively simple algorithms, and, when distributed by landscape type over the catchment, produce reasonable estimates of snow accumulation and loss in wind-swept regions. # 1997


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