Sustainable Bio-Based Composites: Biomedical and Engineering Applications

✍ Scribed by Prasad A., Chakraborty G., Davim P. (ed.)

• Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 368
• Series: Advanced Composites
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The sustainability of any process lies in the eco-friendly and economical production of products for applications. Bio-based materials are emerging as raw materials for different products and applications. The book covers cellulose, chitosan, silk, collagen and gelatin bio-based materials. It describes their use in biomedical applications, such as orthopaedic implant, drug delivery, tissue culture, biosensor and engineering applications such as fuel cells, energy storage and packaging. It concludes with the use of bio-based materials as precursors for biorefinery, biolubricants, membranes and adsorbents.
Processing, characterization, properties and sustainability of bio-based composites.
Mathematical modeling and simulation.
Wide range of applications.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Also of Interest
Advanced Composites: Volume 20
Sustainable Bio-Based Composites: Biomedical and Engineering applications
Copyright
Dedication
Aim and Scope
Acknowledgment
Preface
List of Contributing Authors
Contents
1. Bio-based materials: origin, synthesis, and properties
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classifications of bio-based materials
1.2.1 Agro-based materials
1.2.2 Forest-based materials
1.2.3 Bio-derived materials
1.2.4 Animal-based materials
1.3 Processing and synthesis of bio-based materials
1.3.1 Physical processing
1.3.2 Chemical processing
1.3.3 Biological processing
1.3.4 Synthesis of major bio-based materials
1.4 Properties of bio-based materials
1.4.1 Carbohydrates
1.4.2 Proteins
1.4.3 Bio-based polymers
1.4.4 Bio-based nanomaterials
1.4.5 Bio-derived materials
1.5 Summary and outlook
Bibliography
2. Bio-based polymers: processing and applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sourcing bio-feedstocks
2.3 Processing and applications of various bio-based polymers
2.3.1 Polyesters
2.3.2 Processing of PLA-based materials
2.3.3 Handling of materials based on PCL
2.3.4 Processing of PHA-based materials
2.3.5 Material processing for PA-based materials
2.3.6 Polycarbonate
2.4 Future applications for bio-based polymers
Bibliography
3. Cellulose: biomedical and engineering applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Cellulose structure
3.2.1 Different kinds of cellulose particles in terms of morphology
3.3 Medical uses of biomaterials derived from cellulose
3.3.1 Drug delivery system
3.3.2 Tissue engineering (TE)
3.3.3 Wound dressing
3.4 Conclusion and thoughts related to the future
Bibliography
4. Chitosan in orthopedics: current advancements and future prospects
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Orthopedic applications of chitosan
4.2.1 Bone regeneration and healing
4.2.2 Chitosan-based scaffolds and implants
4.2.3 Cartilage regeneration
4.2.4 Joint lubrication
4.2.5 Infection control in orthopedics
4.3 Current advances in chitosan-based orthopedic technologies
4.3.1 Chitosan nanoparticles in orthopedics
4.3.2 Chitosan-coated implants
4.3.3 Chitosan hydrogels for orthopedic tissue engineering
4.4 Summary and future prospects of chitosan in orthopedics
4.4.1 Emerging trends and technologies
4.4.2 Potential impact on orthopedic medicine
4.4.3 Key scope
Bibliography
5. Bio-based materials in drug delivery
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Polysaccharide-based carriers
5.2.1 Chitosan
5.2.1.1 Modification of chitosan
5.2.2 Alginate
5.2.2.1 Mechanism of drug release
5.2.3 Hyaluronic acid
5.3 Protein and peptide-based carriers
5.3.1 Albumin-based carriers: self-assembly and drug loading
5.3.1.1 Silk fibroin-based carriers: Fabrication methods and biomedical
5.4 Lipid-based carriers
5.4.1 Liposomes
5.4.2 Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)
5.4.2.1 Preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)
5.4.2.2 Characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)
5.4.2.3 Drug release from solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)
5.4.3 Lipid-based nanoemulsions
5.4.3.1 Formulation strategies for lipid-based nanoemulsions
5.4.3.2 Drug delivery with lipid-based nanoemulsions
5.5 Biodegradable polymer-based carriers
5.5.1 Types of biodegradable polymres
5.5.1.1 Natural biodegradable polymers
5.5.1.2 Synthetic biodegradable polymers
5.6 Extracellular matrix-based carriers
5.6.1 Collagen-based carriers
5.6.1.1 Scaffold fabrication
5.6.1.2 Cell Interaction
5.6.2 Fibrin-based carriers
5.6.2.1 Clotting mechanisms
5.6.2.2 Tissue generation
5.6.3 Elastin-based carriers
5.7 Fabrication techniques for bio-based carriers
5.8 Applications of bio-based carriers in drug delivery
5.9 Future prospective and challenges
Bibliography
6. Prospects of functional nano-manufactured scaffolds in tissue engineering applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Outline of scaffold fabrication techniques
6.2.1 Conventional fabrication methods
6.2.1.1 Solvent casting/particle leaching (SCPL)
6.2.1.2 Freeze-drying (FD)
6.2.1.3 Thermally induced phase separation method
6.2.1.4 Electrospinning
6.2.2 Bioprinting
6.3 Biomimetic scaffolds
6.3.1 Nanofibrous scaffolds
6.3.2 Nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering
6.4 Osteochondral tissue engineering
6.5 Periodontal tissue engineering
6.6 Urethral tissue engineering
6.7 Tracheal tissue engineering
6.8 New approaches towards future outlook
6.8.1 Prospects of stem cell/biomimetic scaffolds construct
6.8.2 Unlocking mineralized collagen derivative for bone tissue engineering
Bibliography
7. Additive manufacturing in fabrication of orthopedic implants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Fundamentals of additive manufacturing
7.2.1 Basic principles of additive manufacturing
7.2.2 AM techniques used in orthopedic implants fabrication
7.2.2.1 Powder bed fusion
7.2.2.2 Directed energy deposition
7.2.2.3 Binder jetting
7.2.2.4 Material extrusion
7.2.3 Advantages and limitations of additive manufacturing
7.2.3.1 Design flexibility
7.2.3.2 Customization
7.2.3.3 Reduced material waste
7.2.3.4 Rapid prototyping
7.2.3.5 Material selection
7.2.3.6 Surface finish
7.2.3.7 Dimensional accuracy
7.2.3.8 Production time
7.2.3.9 Cost considerations
7.2.4 Regulatory considerations
7.3 Materials for additive manufacturing in orthopedics
7.3.1 Titanium alloys
7.3.2 Cobalt-chrome alloys
7.3.3 Biocompatible polymers
7.3.4 Material properties for orthopedic implants
7.3.4.1 Mechanical strength
7.3.4.2 Biocompatibility
7.3.4.3 Corrosion resistance
7.3.4.4 Osseointegration
7.3.4.5 Radiopacity
7.3.4.6 Wear resistance
7.3.4.7 Surface properties
7.3.4.8 Sterilizability
7.4 Design considerations and customization
7.4.2.1 Load-bearing analysis
7.4.2.2 Stress distribution
7.4.2.3 Anatomical fit
7.4.2.4 Surface features
7.4.3 Benefits of customization in orthopedic implants
7.4.3.1 Improved fit and functionality
7.4.3.2 Reduced risk of complications
7.4.3.3 Faster recovery and rehabilitation
7.4.3.4 Patient-specific solutions
7.4.3.5 Reduced invasive procedures
7.4.3.6 Enhanced long-term implant performance
7.4.3.7 Patient satisfaction and quality of life
7.4.1 Design freedom in additive manufacturing
7.4.2 Design optimization for orthopedic implants
7.5 Manufacturing process and quality control
7.5.1 Additive manufacturing workflow for orthopedic implants
7.5.2 Quality control in additive manufacturing for orthopedic implants
7.5.3 Regulatory considerations and standards
7.6.1 Orthopedic implant applications
7.6.1.1 Hip and knee replacements
7.6 Clinical applications and case studies
7.6.1.2 Spinal implants
7.6.1.3 Craniofacial reconstructions
7.6.2 Case studies and success stories
7.6.2.1 Patient-specific total hip replacement
7.6.2.2 Customized spinal implant for scoliosis correction
7.6.2.3 Patient-specific cranial implant for traumatic injury
7.7 Future directions and challenges
7.7.1 Emerging trends in additive manufacturing for orthopedic implants
7.7.1.1 Bioactive Implants
7.7.1.2 Bioprinting
7.7.2 Challenges and limitations
7.7.2.1 Material Development
7.7.2.2 Standardization and regulatory considerations
7.7.2.3 Cost and scalability
7.7.2.4 Long-term implant performance
7.7.2.5 Education and training
7.8 Conclusion
Bibliography
Sudarshan Dhua, Arindam Nath, and Rakesh Kumar
8. Analysis of surface acoustic wave in a polymer-coated piezo-electro-magnetic structure with micro-inertia effect
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Inertia-gradient theory of electro-elasticity
8.3 The governing equations
8.4 Boundary conditions
8.5 Dispersion relations
8.6 Numerical results and discussion
8.7 Conclusion
Bibliography
9. Biodegradable polymers-based proton exchange membrane for fuel cells
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Proton transfer in membranes
9.3 Biopolymers
9.4 Biomass source
9.5 Microorganisms-based
9.6 Synthesis methods of PEM using biopolymer
9.7 Sulfonation of biodegradable polymers
9.8 Conclusion
Bibliography
10. Bio-based carbon materials for applications in supercapacitors: an energy storage system
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Synthesis of biomass-based biochar for supercapacitor applications
10.2.1 Thermo-chemical process
10.2.2 Process with chemical activating agents
10.3 Challenges and future outlooks
10.4 Conclusions
Bibliography
11. Bio-based materials in advanced packaging applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Bio-based materials
11.3 Bio-based plastics
11.3.1 Polylactic acid (PLA)
11.3.2 Polyethylene (Bio-PE)
11.3.3 Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET)
11.3.4 Polybutylene succinate (PBS)
11.3.5 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)
11.3.6 Polyamide 11 (PA 11)
11.3.7 Polyamide 10,10 (PA 10,10)
11.3.8 Polyglycolic acid (PGA)
11.3.9 Polycaprolactone (PCL)
11.4 Natural bio-based polymers
11.4.1 Starch
11.4.2 Chitosan
11.4.3 Carrageenan
11.4.4 Pectin
11.4.5 Alginate
11.4.6 Proteins
11.4.7 Cellulose
11.4.8 Hemicellulose
11.4.9 Lignin
11.4.10 Gelatin
11.4.11 Xylan
11.4.12 Inulin
11.5 Biopolymers from microorganisms
11.5.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
11.5.2 Exopolysaccharides (EPS)
11.5.3 Polyglutamic acid (PGA)
11.5.4 Pullulan
11.5.5 Dextran
11.5.6 Xanthan gum
11.5.7 Curdlan
11.5.8 Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)
11.5.9 Scleroglucan
11.6 Bio-based nanomaterials
11.6.1 Cellulose nanocrystals
11.6.2 Chitosan nanoparticles
11.6.3 Lignin nanoparticles
11.6.4 Starch nanoparticles
11.6.5 Nanocellulose
11.6.6 Protein-based nanoparticles
11.6.7 Nanoparticles from algae
11.7 Bio-based fibres
11.7.1 Cellulose fiber
11.7.2 Bagasse fiber
11.7.3 Corn starch
11.7.4 Wheat straw
11.7.5 Bamboo fiber
11.7.6 Coconut coir
11.7.7 Soybean fiber
11.7.8 Kenaf fiber
11.7.9 Jute fiber
11.7.10 Sisal fiber
Bibliography
12. Biorefinery development feedstocks derived and possible solutions for a sustainable environment
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Biorefineries
12.2.1 Conversion processes
12.2.2 Biorefinery and sustainable expansion
12.3 Carbon impartiality
12.3.1 Carbon-neutral technologies in biorefineries
12.4 Other challenges and upcoming works
12.5 Biorefinery feedstocks
12.5.1 Pre-treatment methods of different biorefinery feedstocks
12.5.2 Different biorefinery processes
12.6 Biochemical processes for biorefinery processes
12.7 Thermochemical processes for biorefinery processes
12.8 Hybrid processes in bio-refinery operations
12.9 Advanced biorefinery concepts for biorefinery processes
12.10 Challenges in biorefinery feedstocks
12.11 Limitations of biorefinery feedstocks
12.12 Current and future aspect of biorefinery feedstock
12.13 Research roadmap of biorefinery feedstock
12.14 Policies and future directions of bio-refinery feedstock
12.15 Biorefinery feedstocks development barriers and potential
12.15.1 Barriers to biorefinery feedstock development:
12.15.2 Potential for biorefinery feedstock development:
12.16 The Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium: Understanding and mitigating the impacts of feedstock variability in bioconversion processes
12.17 Objectives associated with feedstock variability and innovative bioconversion technologies
12.18 Key research themes
12.19 Future directions
Bibliography
13. Biolubricants and its application in engineering
13.1 Introduction to lubrication
13.1.1 Importance of lubrication in engineering systems
13.1.2 Brief history and evolution of lubricants
13.1.3 Overview of conventional lubricants and their limitations
13.1.4 Introduction to biolubricants as an alternative
13.2 Fundamentals of biolubricants
13.2.1 Definition, sources, and classification of biolubricants
13.3 Tribology and lubrication mechanisms
13.4 Manufacturing and formulation of biolubricants
13.4.1 Extraction and purification processes for biolubricant base oils
13.4.2 Quality control and standards in biolubricant production
13.4.3 Oxidative stability and thermal stability
13.5 Applications of biolubricants in engineering
13.5.1 Automotive applications: engine oils, transmission fluids, greases
13.5.2 Marine and aerospace applications
13.6 Challenges and future perspectives
13.7 Environmental and economic considerations
13.7.1 Sustainability aspects of biolubricants
13.7.2 Life cycle analysis and carbon footprint
13.7.3 Economic viability and cost-effectiveness
13.7.4 Policies and incentives promoting the use of biolubricants
13.8 Conclusions
Bibliography
14. Bio-based materials in advance separation processes
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Source
14.3 Advantages and disadvantages
14.4 Biodegradable membranes for oil separation
14.5 Biomedical applications
14.6 Fuel cell
14.7 Gas separation
14.8 Pervaporation
14.9 Future prospects
Bibliography
15. The influence of imperfect interface of shear wave propagation on layered bio-based plate material: computational study of bio-based systems
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Conditions for loose bound interface
15.3 Mathematical formulation of the problem
15.3.1 Solution to the fiber-reinforced layer
15.3.2 Solution to the orthotopic layer
15.4 Boundary conditions
15.5 Dispersion equation
15.6 Numerical results and discussion
15.7 Conclusion
15.8 Practical application
15.9 Appendix
Bibliography
16. Bio-based materials for adsorption and catalysis
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Bio-based materials
16.3 Bio-based materials for adsorption
16.4 Bio-based materials for catalysis
16.5 Summary and outlook
Bibliography
About the editors
Index