Fiber and Ceramic Filler-Based Polymer Composites for Biomedical Engineering

✍ Scribed by Parameswaranpillai J., Ganguly S., Das P., Gopi J.A. (ed.)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 475
• Series: Composites Science and Technology
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents the latest development of fibre/ceramic-polymer composites for biocompatible applications, with a special emphasis on the effect of different types of fibre and ceramic fillers on the characteristics of the composites. The book contains chapters that cover fundamentals, materials used for composites, fabrication, classification, and biomedical applications. The first section of the book provides a brief overview of the fibre and ceramic-based composite materials while the subsequent sections cover the numerous types of fibre and ceramic polymeric composites with emphasis on their potential biomedical applications. Increasingly sophisticated biomedical technologies, such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, as well as genetic therapies and controlled drug delivery, are being developed at a breakneck pace, necessitating the development of new materials to meet the specific requirements of these fields. Single-component ceramic or polymer materials that are now available do not meet their requirements. Therefore, composites and hybrid composites have an important role to play. Aside from that, to completely meet the fundamental criteria such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and acceptable mechanical qualities, it is necessary to find materials that can perform a variety of advanced activities at the same time. This book is a road map not only for the materials scientist but also for researchers, academics, technologists, and students working in composites for biomedical engineering applications.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Composites Science and Technology Series
Fiber and Ceramic Filler-Based Polymer Composites for Biomedical Engineering
Copyright
Preface
Contents
Introduction, History of Fiber and Ceramic Filler-Based Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Types of Composites
3. Large Diffusion Composites
4. High Performance Composites
5. Ceramic and Glass Particle Based Polymer Composites
6. Magnetic Particle Based Polymer Nanocomposites
7. Magnetic Hydrogels in Biomedical Applications
8. Summary and Future Outlook
References
Ceramics and Glass Ceramics for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Ceramic Fillers for Biomedical
2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of Ceramic Fillers
2.2 Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Filler Composites
3. Bioactive Glasses
3.1 Glass Ceramics
3.2 Alumina
3.3 Zirconia
4. Conclusions
References
Different Types of Fiber in Polymer Matrices for Biomedical Engineering
1. Introduction
2. Overview of FRPs in Biomedical Application
3. Selection Criteria of Fibers Reinforcing Agents
4. Properties of Polymer Fibers
5. Classification of Fibers
6. Natural Fibers
6.1 Cellulose Fibers
7. Animal Fibers
7.1 Silk Fibroin
7.2 Chicken Feather Fiber
7.3 Chitosan/Chitin Fiber
7.4 Collagen Fiber
8. Synthetic Fibers
8.1 Carbon Fiber
8.2 Steel Fibers
8.3 Polyester Fibers
8.4 Polyethylene Fibers
8.5 Glass Fiber
9. Polyamide Fibers
10. Summary and Future Prospects
References
Synthesis, Properties, and Characterization of Fibrous Filler
1. Introduction
2. Synthesis and Properties of Fibrous Fillers
2.1 Natural Fibers
2.2 Synthetic Fibers
3. Characterization of Fibrous Fillers
4. Summary
References
Structural, Mechanical, In-Vitro, and In-Vivo Characterization Biocomposites
1. Introduction
2. Characterization Techniques
2.1 Structural Characterization
2.2 Mechanical Characterization
3. In-Vitro Characterization
3.1 Evaluation of Biocompatibility
3.2 Evaluation of Direct Cytotoxicity of the Composite
3.3 Indirect Cytotoxicity
3.4 Trypan Blue Assay—Test Procedure
3.5 Cell Adhesion—Test Procedure
3.6 Preparation of SBF Solution
3.7 In-Vivo Characterization
4. Conclusion
References
Silica-Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Silica-Based Materials
3. Silica and Its Properties
4. Types of Silica Materials Used in Composites
5. Synthesis Methods for Silica Nanoparticles and Mesoporous Silica
5.1 Common Synthesis Methods of Silica Nanoparticles
5.2 Common Synthesis Methods of Mesoporous Silica
5.3 Polymer-Silica Composites
6. Fabrication Methods for Silica-Polymer Composites
7. Characterization Techniques
8. Surface Analysis of Silica-Polymer Composites
8.1 Drug Delivery Systems
8.2 Silica-Polymer Composite Carriers for Drug Delivery
8.3 Silica-Polymer Composite Carriers for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
8.4 Cellular Interactions and Biocompatibility Studies
8.5 Bioimaging and Diagnostic Applications
9. Challenges and Future Perspectives
9.1 Emerging Trends and Future Directions
10. Conclusion
References
Glass/Glass–Ceramic-Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Preparation Techniques
2.1 Conventional Methods
2.2 Modified Conventional Method
2.3 Petrurgic Method
2.4 Powder Method
2.5 Sol–Gel Precursor Glass
2.6 Cold Pressing and Sintering
3. Applications of Glass Ceramic Composites
3.1 In Wound Healing
3.2 In Cardiac and Pulmonary Applications
3.3 Lung Tissue Engineering
3.4 Nerve Tissue Repair
3.5 Bone Cell Regeneration
3.6 Dental Applications
4. Conclusion
References
Clay Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Different Types of Clay and Their Biocompatibility for Biomedical Applications
3. Polymer and Its Properties Used for Biomedical Applications
3.1 Polyethylene (PE)
3.2 Polyurethane (PU)
3.3 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHB)
3.4 Polylactic Acid
4. Synthesis Techniques of Polymer–Clay Composites
4.1 Solution Blending
4.2 Melt Blending
4.3 In-situ Polymerisation
5. Characterization of Clay Polymer Composites
6. Biomedical Application of Clay Polymer Composites
6.1 Bone Cement
6.2 Cancer Treatment
6.3 Drug Delivery
6.4 Tissue Engineering
7. Summary
References
Hydroxyapatite Ceramic-Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Importance of Hydroxyapatite Ceramic-Polymer Composites in Biomedical Applications
3. Hydroxyapatite Ceramic-Polymer Composite Fabrication Methods and Applications
4. Characterization Methods for Hydroxyapatite Ceramic-Polymer Composites
5. Possible Applications of Hydroxyapatite Ceramic-Polymer Composites
5.1 Bone Tissue Engineering
5.2 Dental Restorations
5.3 Drug Delivery Systems
5.4 Coatings for Orthopedic Implants
6. Conclusion
References
Ceramic Fillers-Based Polymer Gels for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Hydrogels
2.1 Natural Polymer-Based Hydrogels
2.2 Synthetic Polymer-Based Hydrogels
3. Common Ceramics Used as Fillers in Hydrogel Composites
3.1 Hydroxyapatite (HAp)
3.2 β-tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP)
3.3 Bioactive Glass (BG)
3.4 Nanoclay
3.5 Wollastonite
4. Recent Biomedical Applications of Ceramic Filler-Based Polymer Hydrogels
5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Fiber Fillers-Based Polymer Gels for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Types of Fiber Fillers in Polymer Gels
3. Fabrication Techniques
3.1 Solution Mixing
3.2 In-situ Polymerization
3.3 Electrospinning
3.4 Hydrogel Blending
3.5 Additive Manufacturing
4. Effect of Fillers in Gel Reinforcement
5. Biomedical Applications
6. Conclusion
References
Ceramic Coatings for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
1.1 Importance of Ceramic Coatings for Biomedical Applications
1.2 Advantages and Limitations of Ceramic Coatings
2. Ceramic Coating Techniques
2.1 Vapor Deposition Methods
2.2 Sol–Gel Method
2.3 Plasma Spray Methods
2.4 Electrochemical Methods
3. Biological Interactions
3.1 Cell-Surface Interactions and Biofilm Formation
3.2 Protein Adsorption and Molecular Mechanisms of Biological Interactions
3.3 Interactions of Ceramic Coatings with Tissues
4. Biomedical Applications
4.1 Use of Ceramic Coatings in Bone Regeneration
4.2 Ceramic Coatings in Implants
4.3 Ceramic Coating in Prosthetics
4.4 Biomedical Sensors
5. Conclusion
References
Ceramic Scaffolds and Composites in Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Criteria for Scaffolds in Bone/Cartilage Tissue Engineering
3. Ceramics Used in Scaffold (Tissue Engineering)
3.1 Bioactive Crystalline Ceramics
3.2 Bioactive Glasses
3.3 Glass–Ceramics
3.4 Bio-inert Ceramics
4. Composites Scaffolds
5. Methods of Fabrication of Ceramic and Composites Scaffolds
5.1 Foaming
5.2 Sol–gel Technique
5.3 Starch Consolidation
5.4 Organic Phase Decomposition
5.5 Sponge Replication
5.6 Lypholization (Freeze Drying)
5.7 Solid Freeform Method
5.8 Short Glass Fiber Thermal Bonding
6. Processing of Ceramic Composites Scaffolds
6.1 Additive Manufacturing
6.2 Inkjet Printing or Robocasting
7. Future Challenges in Ceramic Scaffolds and Composites
8. Future Scopes
9. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Fiber and Ceramic Fillers-Based Polymer Composites for Biomedical Engineering
1. Introduction
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of CFFA
3. Methods of Preparations
4. Material Used for Preparation of Ceramic Fillers, Fibers and Acrylics
5. Application of Ceramic Fillers, Fibers and Acryclics
6. Conclusion
References
3D Printing of Ceramics and Fiber-Based Composites for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Significance of 3D Printing in Biomedical Applications
3. Biomedical Applications of 3D Printed Ceramic Materials and Fiber-Based Composites
3.1 Ceramics
3.2 Natural Fibre-Based Composites
4. Conclusion
References
Zein Based Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Significance of Zein-Based Polymer Composites in Biomedical Applications
3. Zein: A Versatile Natural Polymer
4. Structure and Properties of Zein
5. Biocompatibility and Biodegradability of Zein
6. Reinforcement Strategies for Zein-Based Composites
7. Surface Modification Techniques for Improved Compatibility
8. Processing Techniques for Zein-Based Composites
9. Zein-Based Composites for Biomedical Applications
9.1 Drug Delivery Systems
9.2 Zein Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers
9.3 Zein-Based Microspheres and Nanocapsules
9.4 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
9.5 Zein-Based Nanofiber Scaffolds
9.6 Zein-Based Hydrogels
10. Conclusion
References
Bacterial Cellulose-Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction
2. Importance of Bacterial Cellulose-Polymer Composites in Biomedical Applications
2.1 Enhanced Mechanical Strength
2.2 Tunable Porosity and Surface Area
2.3 Enhanced Biocompatibility
2.4 Controlled Drug Release
2.5 Antibacterial and Antimicrobial Properties
2.6 Versatility and Tailorability
2.7 Sustainable and Eco-friendly Materials
3. Bacterial Cellulose and Polymer Materials
4. Synthesis and Fabrication of Bacterial Cellulose-Polymer Composites
4.1 Physical Mixing
4.2 In-situ Polymerization
4.3 Coating
4.4 Electrospinning
4.5 Chemical Crosslinking
4.6 Microbial Synthesis
5. Strategies for Controlling Composite Morphology and Structure
6. Biomedical Applications of Bacterial Cellulose-Polymer Composites
7. Drug Delivery Systems Based on Bacterial Cellulose-Polymer Composites
8. Bacterial Cellulose-Polymer Composites in Wound Healing and Dressings
9. Bacterial Cellulose-Polymer Composites for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications
10. Conclusion
References
Tribology and Biodegradability of Ceramic/Fiber Filler-Based Polymer Composites
1. Introduction
2. Tribology of Different Polymer-Ceramic Filler Composites
3. Tribology of Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites
4. Biodegradable Polymer Systems
5. Different Types of Ceramic Particles and Their Biodegradable Polymer Composites
6. Conclusions
References
Failure Analysis Ceramic/Fibrous Filler-Based Polymer Composites
1. Introduction
2. Importance of Ceramic and Fibrous Fillers
3. Different Types of Composites
4. Failure of Composites
5. Failure Modes
5.1 Macroscopic Failure Modes
6. Fracture Modes
7. Delamination Mode
8. Matrix Cracking Mode
9. Fiber Breakage Mode
10. Microscopic Failure Modes and Interface Debonding
11. Filler Agglomeration Based Failure
12. Conclusion
References
Compatibility of Ceramic/Fibrous Filler Based Polymer Composites
1. Introduction
2. Constituent Materials
3. Types of Fibrous Fillers and Their Properties
4. Key Factors Influencing Compatibility
5. Thermal Properties of Ceramic and Fibrous Materials
6. Chemical Interactions at the Interface
7. Mechanical Compatibility and Reinforcement Mechanisms
8. Challenges and Solutions
9. Conclusion
References
Current Research Overview of Modelling and Simulation of Polymer Composites
1. Introduction
2. Purpose of Modelling and Simulation
3. Constitutive Models and In-depth Analysis
4. Conclusion
4.1 Innovations in the Fields of Material Characterization and Constitutive Modelling
4.2 Opportunities and Obstacles in Micromechanical Modelling
4.3 Analysing Finite Element Models and Conducting Multiscale Simulations
4.4 Forecasting Abilities and Verification
5. Future Perspectives
5.1 Progress in the Fields of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
5.2 Rise of Biomimetic Composites
5.3 Incorporation of Live Monitoring and Sensors
5.4 Investigation into the Properties and Behaviour of Intelligent Materials and Adaptable Composites
5.5 Interdisciplinary Collaboration
References