To elucidate the physical origin of relativistic changes of molecular properties, exact theorems, perturbation theory, and Hartree-Fock-Slater-Pauli calculations are exploited. The relativistic molecular virial theorem offers insight into the relativistic and nonrelativistic, kinetic, and potential
Students' understandings of chemical bonds and the energetics of chemical reactions
โ Scribed by Hong Kwen Boo
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1998
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 46 KB
- Volume
- 35
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0022-4308
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
โฆ Synopsis
The purpose of this study was to investigate Grade 12 students' understandings of the nature of chemical bonds and energetics elicited across five familiar chemical reactions following a course of instruction. Based on a chemist's analysis of the conceptual area, a list of relevant concepts involved was identified, and the range of five reactions was chosen. These then served as the framework for drawing up a semistructured interview protocol, which was administered to 48 students. The students' responses revealed a range of conceptions at variance with the chemist's view, some of which have not yet been reported in the literature. The implications of the research are that grasping chemistry concepts and principles from the students' perspective is full of pitfalls. There are numerous ways in which students can misconstruct concepts and principles. Teachers, curriculum developers, and textbook writers must be aware of the various ways in which material presented could be misconstrued and hence be a hindrance to student learning.
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