Smart Cities, Green Technologies, and Intelligent Transport Systems (Communications in Computer and Information Science)

✍ Scribed by Cornel Klein (editor), Markus Helfert (editor), Karsten Berns (editor), Oleg Gusikhin (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 334
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book includes extended and revised selected papers from the 9th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems, SMARTGREENS 2020, and the 6th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, VEHITS 2020, held in Prague, Czech Republic, in May 2020.
The 30 full papers presented during SMARTGREENS and VEHITS 2020 were carefully reviewed and selected from the 117 submissions. The papers present research on advances and applications in the fiels of smart cities, electric vehicles, sustainable computing and communications, energy aware systems and technologies, intelligent vehicle technologies, intelligent transport systems and infrastructure, connected vehicles.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Organization
Contents
Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems
Implementation and Operation of Blockchain-Based Energy Communities Under the New Legal Framework
1 Introduction
2 European Union's Clean Energy Package
3 Energy Communities
3.1 Legal Definitions
3.2 Structure of a Community
3.3 National Adaptions
3.4 Local Proximity
4 Blockchain Technology for Energy Communities
4.1 Energy Efficiency
4.2 Privacy Issues
4.3 Smart Contracts
4.4 Implementation of an Energy Community
5 Profitability of Energy Communities
5.1 Energy Costs
5.2 Simulative Study
5.3 Results
6 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Correlation of Weights in an Evaluation Model for Smart City Proficiency with Less Than 50,000 Inhabitants: AGreek City Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Research Methodology
2.1 Smart City Indicators
2.2 Evaluation Process (Previous Model)
2.3 Questionnaire for Previous Model
2.4 Questionnaire for Weights in New Model
2.5 SIMOS Method
2.6 SIMOS 2 Method Alteration
2.7 The Footprint of a Smart City
3 The Case of Municipality of Elefsina
3.1 Smart City Performance Across 6 Different Characteristics
3.2 Overall Performance for Municipality Elefsina
3.3 Percentage Change Among the Four Methods
4 Conclusions
Appendix
References
PUNTOnet Prototypes: Innovative Urban Services Supporting Healthy and Sustainable Behaviours
1 Introduction
2 Strategies to Improve Waste Management
2.1 Waste Collection Challenges
2.2 Criticalities of Existing Volumetric Caps
3 PUNTOnet Waste Containers Evolution
3.1 Conceptual Design
3.2 Opening Mock-Ups
3.3 Full-Scale Indoor Prototype
3.4 Full-Scale Outdoor Prototype (Private Tests)
3.5 Full-Scale Outdoor Prototype (Public Tests)
4 From Waste Disposal to Urban Interface for the City
5 The Combination of Smart Waste Containers With Facilities Supporting Sustainable Mobility
5.1 Compatibility and Synergies Between Waste Management and Smart Mobility
5.2 The Potential of Improving Eco-friendly Transportation Facility in a Small City
5.3 Prototype of Smart Urban Interfaces Supporting Sustainable Mobility
5.4 PUNTOnet Bike and Bus Smart Structures
6 A Model of Small Smart City at 10. 000 Inhabitants
7 Conclusions
References
Information Systems Security Management for IoT Adoption in Smart Cities: A Review
1 Introduction
1.1 Information System Security Management
1.2 Internet of Things Security Management
1.3 Influencing Factors on Information System Security Management in Smart City Enabled by IoT Technology
2 Existing Frameworks on Information System Security Management for IoT in Smart City
2.1 Comparison of IS Security Management for IoT Frameworks
3 Method
4 Result and Discussion
4.1 Governance
4.2 Integrity
4.3 Interoperability
4.4 Personalisation
4.5 Self-organisation
5 Conclusions
References
Comparison of Energy Performance Metrics of Photovoltaics Using IPAT Sustainability Model
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Method
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Phytochemical Screening
3.2 Assessing IPAT Population (P) and Affluence (a)
4 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Software Defined WSN and Related Network Re-orchestration Down-Time
1 Introduction
2 Main WSN Functional Modules
3 SDWSN Proposed Architecture
3.1 IT Layer
3.2 OT Layer
4 Example WSN Re-orchestration Scenarios
4.1 WSN Topological Manipulation
4.2 Further Complexity in WSN Re-orchestration Scenarios
5 WSN Re-orchestration Downtime
6 Example Network Functions Implementation
6.1 Leaf Function Pseudo Code
6.2 Router Function Pseudo Code
6.3 Gateway Function Pseudo Code
6.4 Factors Influencing Network Re-orchestration Latency
6.5 Effect of ‘Data Communication Rate’ on ‘Re-orchestration Latency’
7 Conclusion
References
Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems
Digital Infrastructure for Cooperative and Automated Road Transport
1 Introduction
1.1 Background and Core Technologies
2 Managing Automated Vehicles in an Urban Environment
2.1 Research Scope and Main Objectives
2.2 Approach, Use Cases and Architecture
2.3 Main Results and Key Findings
3 Enabling High-Level Automated Driving
3.1 Motivation and Concept
3.2 Use Cases Definition
3.3 Communication and Message Sets
3.4 Modelling and Simulation
3.5 Real-World Implementations
3.6 Key Findings and Next Steps
4 C-ITS Deployment in Europe and Challenges
4.1 Objective and Approach
4.2 Deployable Services and Use Cases
4.3 Open Architecture for C-ITS Services
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
A Two-Stage Approach for Traffic Sign Detection with Arrow Signal Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Classical Traffic Light Detection
2.2 Traffic Light Detection Using CNN
2.3 Map Assisted Traffic Light Detection
3 Dataset
4 Approach
4.1 Detection Network
5 Experiments
5.1 Evaluation Criteria
5.2 Training and Testing on LISA Dataset
5.3 Training and Testing on Our Dataset
5.4 Comparison on Different Distance
5.5 Detection Results in Each Stage
6 Conclusion
References
Open Your Eyes: Eyelid Aperture Estimation in Driver Monitoring Systems
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Driver Monitoring Systems
2.2 Blink Detection
2.3 Datasets
3 Eyelid Aperture Estimation Method
3.1 Definition of Eyelid Amplitude
3.2 Normalised Aperture Estimation
4 Use Cases
4.1 DMD: Driver Monitoring Dataset
4.2 Integration Setup
5 Experiments
5.1 Dataset
5.2 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
A Hybrid Real and Virtual Testing Framework for V2X Applications
1 Introduction
2 Exemplary Application Scenarios
2.1 Green-Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA)
2.2 Probe Vehicle Data (PVD)
2.3 Continuous Testing of Automated Driving Functions
2.4 Derived Requirements
3 Implementation
3.1 Scenario Control
3.2 Simulation Core
3.3 Message Broker
3.4 Real Test Entities
3.5 Virtual/Simulated Entities
3.6 Hybrid V2X Adapter
4 Application
5 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Robust IoT Based Parking Information System
1 Introduction
2 Smart Parking
3 Petri Net Modeling
3.1 Modeling Approach
3.2 Process Discovery
3.3 -Algorithm Special Case
3.4 Removing Sensor
3.5 Detecting Sensor Failure
4 Case Study
4.1 Background
4.2 Parking Analytics
5 Conclusion
References
Adaptive Heterogeneous V2X Communication for Cooperative Vehicular Maneuvering
1 Introduction
2 System Model
2.1 Scenario
2.2 Decentralized Cooperative Vehicular Maneuvering
2.3 V2X Communication
3 Maneuver Coordination
3.1 Maneuver Planning
3.2 Maneuver Execution
4 Adaptive Heterogeneous Communication
4.1 Quality of Communication
4.2 Radio Access Technology (RAT) Selection
5 Evaluation
5.1 Simulation Environment
5.2 Reference Approaches
5.3 Results
6 Related Work
6.1 Cooperative Vehicular Maneuvering
6.2 Heterogeneous V2X Communication
7 Conclusion
References
The Fadhloun-Rakha Car-Following Model: A Novel Formulation Capturing Driver, Vehicle, Roadway, and Weather Variables
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Wiedemann Model
2.2 Gipps Model
2.3 Frietzsche Model
2.4 The Intelligent Driver Model
2.5 Rakha-Pasumarthy-Adjerid Model
2.6 Fadhloun-Rakha Model
3 Naturalistic Dataset
4 Parameter Calibration of the Various Models
5 Results and Model Validation
6 Model Robustness to Driver/Vehicle/Roadway/Weather Parameters
7 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Container Handling Operation Modeling and Estimation
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Monitoring Equipment
3 Theoretical Model of the Movement
4 Experimental Measurement Results
5 Conclusions
References
Simulated Pedestrian Modelling for Reliable Testing of Autonomous Vehicle in Pedestrian Zones
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 System Architecture
3.1 Pedestrian Control Unit
3.2 Base Character
3.3 Static Waypoint
4 Proposed Approach
4.1 Walking Direction of Virtual Pedestrians
4.2 Walking Speed of Virtual Pedestrians
5 Experiments
5.1 Two Individual Characters and a Vehicle Crossing
5.2 Group of Virtual Pedestrians
5.3 Comparison with Real World Pedestrians
5.4 Comparison with RVO
6 Conclusion
References
The Impact of COVID-19 Experience on Smart City and Future Mobility
1 Introduction
2 Smart City Technology
3 Resilient Supply Chain of Critical Items
4 Smart Mobility
5 Connected and Intelligent Vehicles
6 Ambient Intelligence
7 Conclusions
References
Author Index