Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

✍ Scribed by G. Binning, H. Rohrer, Ch. Gerber, E. Weibel (auth.), H. Neddermeyer (eds.)

• Publisher: Springer Netherlands
• Year: 1993
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 274
• Series: Perspectives in Condensed Matter Physics 6
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The publication entitled "Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Mi­ Rl croscopy" by Binnig, Rohrer, Gerber and Weibel of the IBM Research Lab­ oratory in Riischlikon in 1982 immediately raised considerable interest in the sur­ face science community. It was demonstrated in Reference R1 that images from atomic structures of surfaces like individual steps could be obtained simply by scanning the surface with a sharp metal tip, which was kept in a constant distance of approximately 10 A from the sample surface. The distance control in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was realized by a feedback circuit, where the electri­ cal tunneling current through the potential barrier between tip and sample is used for regulating the tip position with a piezoelectric xyz-system. A similar experi­ mental approach has already been described by Young et al. for the determination l of the macroscopic roughness of a surface. A number of experimental difficulties had to be solved by the IBM group until this conceptual simple microscopic method could be applied successfully with atomic resolution. Firstly, distance and scanning control of the tip have to be operated with sufficient precision to be sensitive to atomic structures. Secondly, sample holder and tunneling unit have to be designed in such a way that external vibrations do not influence the sample-tip distance and that thermal or other drift effects become small enough during measurement of one image.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter....Pages i-xi
Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy....Pages 31-35
7 × 7 Reconstruction on Si(111) Resolved in Real Space....Pages 36-39
Scanning tunneling microscopy....Pages 40-54
Atomic Force Microscope....Pages 55-58
Theory of the scanning tunneling microscope....Pages 59-67
Voltage dependence of the tunnelling current: an exact expression....Pages 68-74
Theory of Single-Atom lmaging in the Scanning Tunneling Microscope....Pages 75-78
Scanning tunneling microscope combined with a scanning electron microscope....Pages 79-82
A simplified scanning tunneling microscope for surface science studies....Pages 83-86
Mono-atomic tips for scanning tunneling microscopy....Pages 87-92
Tunneling Spectroscopy and Inverse Photoemission: Image and Field States....Pages 93-96
Surface Electronic Structure of Si(111)-(7 × 7) Resolved in Real Space....Pages 97-100
Voltage-dependent scanning tunneling microscopy imaging of semiconductor surfaces....Pages 101-109
Atomic-Resolution Imaging of Close-Packed Metal Surfaces by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy....Pages 110-113
Determination of atom positions at stacking-fault dislocations on Au(111) by scanning tunneling microscopy....Pages 114-117
Scanning tunneling microscopy of Si(001)....Pages 118-132
Electronic Structure of Localized Si Dangling-Bond Defects by Tunneling Spectroscopy....Pages 133-136
Fermi-Level Pinning at the Sb/GaAs(110) Surface Studied by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy....Pages 137-140
Initial Stage of Ag Condensation on Si(111) 7 × 7....Pages 141-144
Registration and Nucleation of the $$Ag/Si(111)\left( {\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 3 } \right)R30^\circ $$ Structure by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy....Pages 145-148
Arsenic-terminated silicon and germanium surfaces studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy....Pages 149-157
Atom-resolved surface chemistry studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy....Pages 158-167
Voltage-dependent scanning-tunneling microscopy of a crystal surface: Graphite....Pages 168-171
Interatomic Forces in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Giant Corrugations of the Graphite Surface....Pages 172-175
Anomalous Corrugations in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Imaging of Individual States....Pages 176-179
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Observations of Benzene Molecules on the Rh(111)-(3×3) (C 6 H 6 +2CO) Surface....Pages 180-183
High-Resolution Imaging of Copper-Phthalocyanine by Scanning-Tunneling Microscopy....Pages 184-187
Observation of Individual Organic Molecules at a Crystal Surface with Use of a Scanning Tunneling Microscope....Pages 188-191
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of recA-DNA Complexes Coated with a Conducting Film....Pages 192-194
Scanning tunnelling microscopy of biomacromolecules....Pages 195-202
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Processes at Liquid-Solid Interfaces....Pages 203-208
In Situ Scanning-Tunneling-Microscope Observation of Roughening, Annealing, and Dissolution of Gold (111) in an Electrochemical Cell....Pages 209-212
Atomic Resolution with Atomic Force Microscope....Pages 213-218
High-resolution force microscopy of in-plane magnetization....Pages 219-225
Atomic-Scale Friction of a Tungsten Tip on a Graphite Surface....Pages 226-229
Spatial Variations in the Superconductivity of Nb 3 Sn Measured by Low-Temperature Tunneling Microscopy....Pages 230-233
Charge-density waves observed at 4.2 K by scanning-tunneling microscopy....Pages 234-237
Scanning-Tunneling-Microscope Observation of the Abrikosov Flux Lattice and the Density of States near and inside a Fluxoid....Pages 238-240
Single-electron effects observed with a low-temperature STM....Pages 241-251
Scanning tunneling potentiometry....Pages 252-254
Atomic-scale surface modifications using a tunnelling microscope....Pages 255-257
Surface modification in the nanometer range by the scanning tunneling microscope....Pages 258-260
Back Matter....Pages 261-267

✦ Subjects

Physics, general;Characterization and Evaluation of Materials;Physical Chemistry