Detection of H2(17)O with proton T1rho-dispersion imaging holds promise as a means of quantifying metabolism and blood flow with MRI. However, this technique requires a priori knowledge of the intrinsic T1rho dispersion of tissue. To investigate these properties, we implemented a T1rho imaging sequence on a 1.9-T Signa GE scanner. A series of T1rho images for different locking frequencies and locking durations were obtained from rat brain in vivo and compared with 5% (wt/vol) gelatin phantoms containing different concentrations of (17)O ranging from .037% (natural abundance) to 2.0 atom%. Results revealed that, although there is considerable T1rho-dispersion in phantoms doped with H2(17)O, the T1rho of rat brain undergoes minimal dispersion for spin-locking frequencies between .2 and 1.5 kHz. A small degree of T1rho dispersion is present below .2 kHz, which we postulate arises from natural-abundance H2(17)O. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratios of T1rho-weighted images are significantly better than comparable T2-weighted images, allowing for improved visualization of tissue contrast. We have also demonstrated the feasibility of proton T1rho-dispersion imaging for detecting intravenous H2(17)O on a live mouse brain. The potential application of this technique to study brain perfusion is discussed.