Process analytical technology : spectroscopic tools and implemented strategies for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries

✍ Scribed by Katherine A Bakeev

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2010
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 311
• Edition: 2nd ed
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

"Process Analytical Technology 2nd ed. explores the concepts of PAT and its application in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry from the point of view of the spectroscopist. This second edition cover all the topics that are in the first edition, with additional chapters on process sampling, NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy (tbc). Other chapters cover the key spectroscopic tools, their applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and basic chemometrics"--Provided by publisher. Read more... Content: Machine generated contents note: Chapter 1 -- Overview of Process Analysis and PAT -- Jason E. Dickens -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Execution of Process Analysis Projects -- 1.3 Process Instrumentation -- 1.4 Conclusions -- 1.5 Glossy of Acronyms and Terms -- 1.6 References -- Chapter 2 -- Implementation of Process Analytical Technologies -- Robert Guenard and Gert Thurau -- 2.1 Introduction to implementation of process analytical technologies (PAT) in the industrial setting -- 2.2 Generalized process analytics work process -- 2.3 Considerations for PAT implementation in the pharmaceutical industry -- 2.4 Conclusions -- 2.5 References -- Chapter 3 -- Process Sampling: Theory of Sampling -- the missing link in Process Analytical Technologies (PAT) -- Kim H. Esbensen and Peter Paasch-Mortensen -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Theory of Sampling TOS -- introduction -- 3.3 Mass reduction as a specific sampling procedure -- 3.4 Fundamental Sampling Principle (FSP) -- 3.5 Sampling -- a very practical issue -- 3.6 Reactors vessels -- identical process sampling issues -- 3.7 Heterogeneity characterisaton of 1-d lots: variography -- 3.8 Data Quality -- new insight from THE TOS -- 3.9 Validation in chemometrics AND PAT -- 3.10 Summary -- References -- Chapter 4 -- UV-visible spectroscopy for On-Line Analysis -- Marcel A. Liauw, Lewis C. Baylor and Patrick E. O'Rourke -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Theory -- 4.3 Instrumentation -- 4.4 Sample interface -- 4.5 Implementation -- 4.6 Applications -- 4.7 Detailed application notes -- 4.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Near-infrared Spectroscopy for Process Analytical Technology : Theory, Technology and Implementation -- Michael B. Simpson -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Theory of near-infrared spectroscopy -- 5.3 Analyser technologies in the near-infrared -- 5.4 The sampling interface -- 5.5 Practical examples of near-infrared analytical applications -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References Chapter 6 -- Infrared Spectroscopy for Process Analytical Applications -- John P. Coates -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Practical aspects of IR Spectroscopy -- 6.3 Instrumentation Design and Technology -- 6.4 Process IR Instrumentation -- 6.5 Applications of Process IR Analyzers -- 6.6 Process IR Analyzers: A Review -- 6.7 Trends and Directions -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- References -- Chapter 7 -- Raman Spectroscopy -- Dr. Nancy L. Jestel -- 7.1 Attractive features of Raman spectroscopy -- 7.2 Potential issues with Raman spectroscopy -- 7.3 Fundamentals of Raman spectroscopy -- 7.4 Raman instrumentation -- 7.5 Quantitative Raman -- 7.6 Applications -- 7.7 Current state of process Raman spectroscopy -- 7.8 References -- Chapter 8 -- Near-Infrared Chemical Imaging for Product and Process Understanding -- E. Neil Lewis, Joseph W. Schoppelrei, Lisa Makein, Linda H. Kidder and Eunah Lee -- 8.1 The PAT initiative -- 8.2 The role of near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) in the pharmaceutical industry -- 8.3 Evolution of NIR imaging instrumentation -- 8.4 Chemical imaging principles -- 8.5 PAT applications -- 8.6 Processing case study one: estimating 'abundance' of sample components -- 8.7 Processing case study two: determining blend homogeneity through statistical analysis -- 8.8 Final thoughts -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 9: -- Acoustic chemometric monitoring of industrial production processes -- Maths Halstensen & Kim H. Esbensen -- 9.1 What is acoustic chemometrics? -- 9.2 How acoustic chemometrics works -- 9.3 Industrial production process monitoring -- 9.4 Available on-line acoustic chemometric equipment -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.6 Conclusions -- 9.7 References -- Chapter 10 -- Process NMR Spectroscopy: Technology and On-line Applications -- John C. Edwards, Ph.D. and Paul J. Giammatteo, Ph.D. -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2NMR Spectroscopy Overview -- 10.3 Process NMR Instrumentation -- 10.4 Postprocessing methodologies for NMR data -- 10.5 Advantages and limitations of NMR as a process analytical technology -- 10.6 On-line and at-line applications -- 10.7 Current Development and Applications -- 10.8 Conclusions -- References Chapter 11 -- Fluorescent Sensing and Process Analytical Applications -- Jason E. Dickens -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Luminescence fundamentals -- 11.3 LIF sensing fundamentals -- 11.4 LIF sensing instrumentation -- 11.5 Luminescent detection risks -- 11.6 Process analytical technology applications -- 11.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 -- Chemometrics in Process Analytical Technology (PAT) -- Charles E. Miller -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Foundations of Chemometrics -- 12.3 Chemometric Methods in PAT -- 12.4 Overfitting and Model Validation -- 12.5 Outliers -- 12.6 Calibration Strategies in PAT -- 12.7 Sample and Variable Selection in Chemometrics -- 12.8 Troubleshooting/Improving an Existing Method -- 12.9 Calibration Transfer and Instrument Standardization -- 12.10 Chemometric Model Deployment Issues in PAT -- 12.11 People Issues -- 12.12 The Final Word -- Chapter 13 -- On-line PAT Applications of Spectroscopy in the Pharmaceutical Industry -- Brandye Smith-Goettler -- 13.1 Background -- 13.2 Reaction monitoring -- 13.3 Crystallization -- 13.4 API drying -- 13.5 Nanomilling -- 13.6 Hot-melt extrusion -- 13.7 Granulation -- 13.8 Powder blending -- 13.9 Compression -- 13.10 Coating -- 13.11 Biologics -- 13.12 Cleaning validation -- 13.13 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14 -- NIR spectroscopy in pharmaceutical analysis: Off-line and At-line PAT Applications -- Prof. Marcelo Blanco Romi;a -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Foundation of qualitative method development -- 14.3 Foundation of quantitative method development -- 14.4 Method validation -- 14.5 Calibration transfer -- 14.6 Pharmaceutical applications -- 14.7 Conclusions -- Chapter 15 -- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) as a PAT tool in the Chemical Industry: Added value and implementation challenges -- Ann M. Brearley and Susan J. Foulk -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Successful process analyzer implementation -- 15.3 Example applications -- Chapter 16 -- Future trends for PAT for increased process understanding and growing applications in biomanufacturing -- Katherine A. Bakeev and Jose C. Menezes -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Regulatory Guidance and its Impact on PAT -- 16.3 Going Beyond Process Analyzers Towards Solutions -- 16.4 Emerging Application Areas of PAT -- 16.5 New and Emerging Sensor and Control Technologies -- 16.6 Advances in sampling: NeSSI[trademark symbol] -- 16.7 Challenges Ahead -- 16.8 Conclusion -- References. Abstract: Process Analytical Technology explores the concepts of this technology and its application in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry from the point of view of the analytical chemist. Read more...

✦ Table of Contents

Front Cover......Page 1
Practical Financial Modelling: A Guide to Current Practice......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 8
Preface to the First Edition......Page 12
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 14
About the Author......Page 16
Introduction......Page 18
Introduction......Page 30
Risk assessment and risk controls......Page 31
The model developer......Page 33
Two approaches......Page 34
Purpose......Page 35
Structure......Page 36
Workbook structure......Page 39
Inputs......Page 40
Workings......Page 41
Outputs......Page 43
Variations......Page 45
Documentation......Page 47
Reporting......Page 50
Reports......Page 55
Model development......Page 56
Navigation......Page 61
Exercises......Page 66
Introduction......Page 68
Taxonomies of error......Page 69
Audit tools......Page 72
Error values......Page 76
Audit sheet......Page 80
Structural checks......Page 82
Arithmetical checks......Page 95
Financial checks......Page 97
Model map......Page 102
Excel 2007 workbook tests......Page 104
Exercises......Page 105
Introduction......Page 108
Range names......Page 109
Define Names......Page 116
Additional name functionality......Page 127
Timing......Page 141
Changing time periods......Page 148
Circularities and iteration......Page 152
Coercion......Page 164
Array formulas......Page 165
R1C1......Page 168
Exercises......Page 169
Introduction......Page 172
Logical......Page 173
Revolving credit and the cash cascade......Page 183
Lookup......Page 186
Financial......Page 198
Dates......Page 201
Other useful functions......Page 203
Exercises......Page 208
Introduction......Page 210
Grouping and outlining......Page 211
Data inputs......Page 214
Conditional formatting......Page 220
Custom formatting......Page 227
Protection......Page 234
Charting......Page 238
Exercises......Page 240
Introduction......Page 242
Best practice......Page 243
Goal Seek......Page 244
Data tables......Page 245
Scenarios......Page 248
Risk......Page 260
Monte Carlo simulation......Page 262
Exercises......Page 263
Introduction......Page 266
Macro security settings......Page 267
Recorded macros......Page 268
Iteration macro......Page 269
Assigning macros......Page 273
Written macros......Page 276
Branching macros......Page 278
Quarterly/annual macro......Page 280
Error handling......Page 281
User-defined functions......Page 282
Deleting macros......Page 285
Exercises......Page 286
Appendix 1: Keyboard Shortcuts......Page 288
Appendix 2: Good Modelling Practice......Page 292
Appendix 3: Case Study......Page 298
Index......Page 300