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On the impedance of galvanic cells—XVII. The mechanism of the Zn2+/Zn(Hg) electrode reaction

✍ Scribed by M. Sluyters-Rehbach; A.B. Ijzermans; B. Timmer; J.B. Griffioen; J.H. Sluyters


Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
1966
Tongue
English
Weight
838 KB
Volume
11
Category
Article
ISSN
0013-4686

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✦ Synopsis


A theory is presented of the complex behaviour of the streaming zinc amalgam electrode in a Zns+ solution. It is assumed that the Znp+/Zn+ and the Zn+/Zn(Hg) electrode reactions occur at potentials where at the dropping amalgam electrode the Zna+-resp. Zn-concentration at the electrode surface is virtually zero as a consequence of the Zn*+/Zn(Hg) electrode reaction. At the streaming amalgam electrode the Zn*+/Zn(Hg) reaction behaves more irreversibly owing to the increased mass transfer. Consequently the surface concentration of Zns+ resp. Zn is fmite in the neighbourhood of the standard potential of the redox couple Zn'+/Zn+ resp. Zn+/Zn(H@, this giving rise to additional peaks in the ac polarogram.

With a view to the fact that the one-electron-transfer reactions appear to be more reversible than the two-electron-transfer reaction, it can be expected that similar ac polarograms will be obtained for the dropping electrode, if the electrode processes are forced to behave more irreversibly eg by the addition of a surface-active substance. Experiments confirming this idea are described. R&.um&-On prbente une thtorie ?t fin d'expliquer le comportement complexe de l%lectrode il veine d'amalgame de zinc en solution d'ions ZnP+. On suppose que les &actions 6lectrochimiques Zn*+/ Zn+ et Zn+/Zn(Hg) ont lieu B des tensions auxquelles la teneur des ions Zn*+ a la surface d'une tlectrode d gouttes d'amalgame egale pratiquement z&o par suite de la r6action Znl+/Zn(Hg). A l'tlectrode d uiene d'amalgame la rkaction ZnZ+/Zn(Hg) se comporte plus irr&ersiblement grace g l'accroissement du transport convectif. Condquemment la teneur superticielle des ions Zd+ sur Zn(Hg) vaut plus que zero et la tension est voisine du potentiel standard du couple Zn'+/Zn+ par rapport & Zn+/Zn(Hg), si bien qu'on observe des ondes additionelles dans le polarogramme du courant alternatif. Vu que les transferts d'un Gctron paraisse& &tre plus rkversibles que le transfert de deux Electrons, on peut s'attendre g des polarogrammes du courant alternatif similaires pour l'blectrode ti gouttes, si on rend le comportement des reactions electrochimiques plus irreversible par addition d'une substance qui est absorb&e il la surface de l%lectrode. On d&it quelques experiences pour confirmer cette thborie. Zusammenfass~-Es wird eine Theorie zur Erkl%rung des komplizierten Verhaltens der striimenden Zinkamalgam-Elektrode in einer Zn*+-LBsung entsrickelt. Dabei wird angenommen, dass die Elektrodenreaktionen Zn"+/Zn+ und Zn+/Zn(Hg) verlaufen bei Potentiale wobei an der tropfenden Amalgam-Elektrode die Zn*+-bzw. Zn(Hg)-Konzentration auf Null reduziert ist infolge der Zn*+/Zn(Hg)-Reaktion. An der striimenden Amalgam-Elektrode verhglt sich die Zn*+/Zn(Hg)-Reaktion irreversibler wegen des erhiihten Massentransports, was zur Folge hat, dass die Oberfl%chenkonzentration von Zn*+ bzw. Zn(Hg) endlich ist beim Normalpotential des Redoxpaares Zn*+/Zn+ bzw. Zn+/Zn(Hg). Dadurch entstehen zuslitzliche Wellen im Wechselstrompolarogramm. Da die Ein-Elektron-Ubergangsreaktionen reversibler erscheinen als die Zwei-Elektronen-ubergangsreaktion, kann man erwarten 8hnliche Wechsel-strompolarogramme an dertropfenden Elektrode zu erzielen, wenn man die Elektrodenprozesse irreversibler macht mittels Zusatz einer oberfl&henaktiven Substanz. Einige Experimente zur Best5tigung dieser Idee werden beschrieben.


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