Members of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily bind to two different serine/threonine kinase receptors, i.e. type I and type II receptors. Upon ligand binding, type I receptors specifically activate intracellular Smad proteins. R‐Smads are direct substrates of type I receptors; Smad
Non-Smad signaling pathways
✍ Scribed by Yabing Mu; Shyam Kumar Gudey; Maréne Landström
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Year
- 2011
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 508 KB
- Volume
- 347
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0302-766X
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## Abstract The transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) family represents a class of signaling molecules that plays a central role in morphogenesis, growth, and cell differentiation during normal embryonic development. Members of this growth factor family are particularly vital to development of the ma