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A presented some rough guidelines for choosing the most appropriate method of microscopy for a given biological specimen. The approach is to compare the efficiency of photon collection, the image contrast and the signal-to-noise ratio achieved by the different methods at equivalent illumination, using a specimen in which the amount of out of focus background is adjustable over the range encountered with biological samples. They compared spot scanning confocal, spinning disk confocal and wide-field/deconvolution microscopes and find that the ratio of out of focus background to in-focus signal can be used to predict which method of microscopy will provide the most useful image and define an upper limit to the useful range of the three modes of imaging.
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People's Republic of China, show that the natural frequencies of a cantilever probe can be tuned with an attached concentrated mass to coincide with the higher harmonics generated in a tapping-mode AFM by the nonlinear tip-sample interaction force. The first three eigenmodes can be simultaneously ex
USA, present a new device allowing to control temperature in the AFM liquid chamber within a range of 5-50 ยฐC. The device also stabilises temperature within 0.1 ยฐC and the heat generated by the cooling system is dissipated through a watercooled heat sink. The device was tested for measurements of fo
present a study of the cause of several apparent resonance peaks shown by the probe resonance curve of the atomic force microscope contains, whose origin is not well understood, and try to find the optimal imaging conditions for acoustic intermittent contact mode in fluid environment. The authors de