Microbial Rejuvenation of Polluted Environment: Volume 3 (Microorganisms for Sustainability, 27)

✍ Scribed by Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji (editor), Deepak G. Panpatte (editor), Yogeshvari K. Jhala (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 365
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Pollution is one of the most serious issues facing mankind and other life forms on earth. Environmental pollution leads to the degradation of ecosystems, loss of services, economic losses, and various other problems. The eco-friendliest approach to rejuvenating polluted ecosystems is with the help of microorganism-based bioremediation. Microorganisms are characterized by great biodiversity, genetic and metabolic machinery, and by their ability to survive, even in extremely polluted environments. As such, they are and will remain the most important tools for restoring polluted ecosystems / habitats. This three-volume book sheds light on the utilization of microorganisms and the latest technologies for cleaning up polluted sites. It also discusses the remediation or degradation of various important pollutants such as pesticides, wastewater, plastics, PAHs, oil spills etc. The book also explains the latest technologies used for the degradation of pollutants in several niche ecosystems. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, bioremediation scientists, capacity builders and policymakers. It also offers valuable additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of microbiology, ecology, soil science, and the environmental sciences.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Introduction
Contents
About the Series Editor
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Strain Improvement and Mass Production of Beneficial Microorganisms for Their Environmental and Agricultural Benefit
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Strain Improvement
1.2.1 Conventional Strain Improvement Techniques
1.2.1.1 Mutation
1.2.1.2 Protoplast Fusion
Isolation of Protoplast
Method of Protoplast Fusion
Spontaneous
Induced Methods
1.2.2 Nonconventional Strain Improvement Techniques
1.2.2.1 Genome Shuffling
1.2.2.2 DNA Recombinant Technology
1.3 Microbial Cell Production for Environmental Benefit
1.4 Microbial Solutions for Advances in Sustainable Agriculture
1.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Biochemical Role of Beneficial Microorganisms: An Overview on Recent Development in Environmental and Agro Science
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Biochemical Role of Beneficial Microorganisms
2.3 Recent Development in the Biochemical Role of Beneficial Microorganisms
2.3.1 Fermentation Processes
2.3.2 Food Additives
2.4 Production of Metabolites Facilitated Suppression of Pathogenic Diseases
2.5 Biofertilizers
2.6 Conclusion and Future Recommendation
References
Chapter 3: Recent Advances in Application of Microbial Enzymes for Biodegradation of Waste and Hazardous Waste Material
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Application of Microbial Enzymes for the Biodegradation of Agricultural and Industrial Wastes
3.2.1 Biodegradation
3.2.2 Biostimulation
3.2.3 Bioaugmentation
3.2.4 Mycoremediation
3.2.5 Bioreactor Landfills
3.3 Types of Microbial Enzymes and Their Uses
3.4 Application of Microbial Enzymes for Biodegradation of Effluent, Solid and Municipal Waste
3.5 Application of Microbial Enzymes for Biodegradation of Polluted Soil with Pesticides
3.6 Application of Computerization and Digital World, Internet of All in Production of Microbial Enzymes and Their Application...
3.7 Conclusion and Future Recommendation to Knowledge
References
Chapter 4: Biological, Biochemical, and Biodiversity of Biomolecules from Marine-Based Beneficial Microorganisms: Industrial P...
4.1 Introduction
4.2 General Overview on the Biological Active Molecules Derived from Marine Environment
4.3 Biological and Biochemical of Biomolecules
4.3.1 Piezophilic Proteins
4.3.2 Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
4.3.3 Halophilic Proteins
4.3.4 Acidophilic Proteins
4.3.5 Lipases
4.3.6 Cellulases
4.3.6.1 Mode of Action of Cellulase in Bacterial System
4.3.7 Chitinases
4.3.8 Pectinases
4.3.9 Esterases
4.3.10 Mycosporines and Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids
4.3.11 Carotenoids
4.3.12 Exopolysaccharides
4.3.13 Chitosan
4.3.14 Rhamnolipids
4.3.15 Sophorolipids
4.3.16 Mannosylerithritol Lipids
4.3.17 Surfactin and Emulsion
4.3.18 Novobiocin
4.3.19 Amphotericin
4.3.20 Vancomycin
4.3.21 Gentamycin
4.3.22 Chloramphenicol
4.3.23 Tetracycline
4.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Climate Change and Pesticides: Their Consequence on Microorganisms
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Climate Change
5.2.1 Causes of Climate Change
5.2.2 Consequences of Climate Change
5.3 Influence of Climate Change on Microorganisms
5.3.1 Effect of Climate on Marine Microorganisms
5.3.2 Effect of Climate on Terrestrial Microorganisms
5.4 Pesticides: Types and Its Applications
5.5 Impact of Pesticides on Microorganisms
5.5.1 Effect of Pesticides on Aquatic Microorganisms
5.5.1.1 Insecticide
5.5.1.2 Herbicide
5.5.1.3 Fungicide
5.5.2 Impact of Pesticides on Terrestrial Lives
5.6 Significance of Dynamics that Influences Application of Pesticides and Climates Changes on Microbial Diversity
5.6.1 Influence of Pesticides on Algae
5.7 Conclusion and Future Recommendation to Knowledge
References
Chapter 6: Effect of Heavy Metals on Activities of Soil Microorganism
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Concept of Heavy Metals
6.3 Heavy Metals in Soil
6.4 Methods for Assessing Effect of Heavy Metals on Soil Microorganisms
6.4.1 Colony Count Method
6.4.2 Agar Diffusion Assay
6.4.3 Respiration Rate
6.4.4 Growth Studies
6.5 Role of Soil Microorganisms
6.6 Differential Tolerance of Microorganisms to Soil Heavy Metal Contamination
6.7 Mechanisms of Resistance of Microorganisms to Heavy Metals
6.8 Mechanisms of Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Microorganisms
6.9 How Microorganism Are Used to Effect the Process of Metal Remediation
6.10 Effect of Heavy Metals on Soil Microorganisms
6.10.1 Effect of Heavy Metals on Microbial Genetic Structure
6.10.2 Effect of Heavy Metals on Microbial Biomass
6.10.3 Effect of Heavy Metals on Microbial Diversity
6.10.4 Effect of Heavy Metals on Microbial Activity
6.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Microbial Community Dynamics in Anaerobic Digesters for Biogas Production
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Hydrolysis
7.1.2 Fermentation
7.1.3 Acetogenesis
7.1.4 Methanogenesis
7.2 Microbial Communities and the Process
7.2.1 Bacteria
7.2.2 Archaea
7.2.3 AD Process
7.3 Bioinformatics Analysis
7.3.1 Sample Collection
7.3.2 DNA Extraction, PCR, and Library Preparation
7.3.3 Sequencing
7.3.4 Sequence Analysis
7.3.5 OUT Clustering Analysis
7.3.6 Diversity Analysis
7.3.7 Taxonomic Composition Analysis
7.3.8 Statistical Analysis
7.4 Factors Affecting AD Process
7.5 Microbial Communities of Anaerobic Digesters
7.6 Biogas Applications
7.7 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 8: Effect of Microbially Produced Silver Nanoparticles on Bioremediation of Waste Dye: Nanobioremediation
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Effects of Dyes on Health and Environment, Problems Related Dyes´ Environmental Contamination
8.2 Nanobioremediation (NBR)
8.2.1 Nanoparticles and Its Unique Properties
8.2.2 Silver Nanoparticles
8.3 Factors Affecting Dye Removal by Nanoparticles
8.3.1 Particle Size
8.3.2 Concentration of Silver Nanocomposites
8.3.3 Incubation Time
8.3.4 pH
8.3.5 Temperature
8.4 Methods for Production of AgNPs
8.4.1 Physical
8.4.2 Chemical
8.4.3 Biological
8.4.3.1 Nanoparticles Produced by Plants and Bioremediation
8.4.3.2 Nanoparticles Produced by Bacteria and Bioremediation
8.4.3.3 Nanoparticles Produced by Fungi and Dye Bioremediation
8.4.4 Photocatalytic Degradation
8.4.5 Reducing Agent
8.5 Mechanisms of Dye Degradation by Silver Nanoparticles
8.5.1 Catalytic Degradation by Silver Nanoparticles Using Reducing Agents
8.5.2 Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes by Silver Nanoparticles
8.6 Types of Dyes and Its Degradation
8.6.1 Degradation of Methylene Blue
8.6.2 Degradation of Azo Dyes
8.6.3 Degradation of Nitro Compounds
References
Chapter 9: Bioremoval of Fluoride: Process and Mechanism
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Severity of the Issues Related with Fluoride
9.3 Statistics of Fluorosis in India
9.4 Consequences of High Level of Fluoride on to Human Beings
9.4.1 Mechanism of Fluoride Toxicity
9.4.2 Deficiency by Excess of Fluoride in Human Being
9.4.2.1 Crippling Fluorosis
9.4.2.2 Other Problems
9.5 Properties of Fluoride and Its Natural Distribution
9.6 Need of Hour
9.7 Process and Mechanism
9.7.1 Physical Treatment
9.7.1.1 Membrane Filtration Process
9.7.1.2 Adsorption/Ion Exchange Method
9.7.1.3 Distillation
9.7.2 Chemical Treatment
9.7.2.1 Precipitation
9.7.2.2 Contact Precipitation
9.7.3 Biological Treatment
9.7.3.1 Treatment Using Microorganisms
9.7.3.2 Treatment Using Bioadsorbent
9.8 Reviews on the Basis of Different Adsorbent/Bioadsorbent Available for the Removal of Fluoride
9.9 Biological Pathways for Fluoride Removal
9.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: A Critical Review of Microbial Transport in Effluent Waste and Sewage Sludge Treatment
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Modes of Action in Bioremediation of Wastewater
10.2.1 Growth of Microorganism in Effluent
10.2.2 Inhibition of Microorganism
10.2.3 Transport of Microorganism in Sewage Discharge
10.3 Effluent Waste and Microbial Transport in Perspective
10.4 Application of Wastes in Production of Crops and Foods
10.5 Application of Computerization and Digital World, Internet of All Things in Bioremediation of Heavily Polluted Environment
10.6 Application of Microorganism for the Treatment of Effluent, Liquid and Municipal Wastes
10.7 Microbial Processes for the Treatment of Wastes
10.7.1 Aerobic Procedure
10.7.2 Anaerobic Procedure
10.8 Microorganisms for Treatment and Management of Wastes
10.8.1 Application of Bacteria for the Treatment of Wastes
10.8.2 Application of Fungi for the Treatment of Wastes
10.8.3 Application of Viruses for the Treatment of Wastes
10.8.4 Application of Protozoa for Treatment of Wastes
10.9 Conclusion and Future Recommendation
References
Chapter 11: Recent Trends in Utilization of Biotechnological Tools for Environmental Sustainability
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Specific Examples of Microorganisms for Attainment of Environmental Sustainability
11.2.1 Bioremediation
11.2.2 Benefits of Bioremediation
11.3 Bioremediation in Soil
11.4 Bioremediation in Air
11.5 Bioremediation of Water
11.6 Influence of Microbes on Bioremediation of Wastes
11.7 Biological Influences on Bioremediation Procedures
11.8 Environmental Influences on Bioremediation Procedures
11.9 Forms of Bioremediation Procedures
11.9.1 Biostimulation
11.9.2 Bioattenuation
11.9.3 Bioaugmentation
11.9.4 Genetically Engineered Microbes
11.9.5 Bioventing
11.9.6 Biopiles
11.10 The Future of Bioremediation
11.11 Biomonitoring
11.11.1 Goals of Biological Monitoring
11.11.2 Major Monitoring Devices in Biomonitoring
11.11.3 Benefits of Biological Monitoring
11.11.4 Limitations of Biological Monitoring
11.11.5 Essential Information for the Development of Procedures and Measures for Choosing Biological Tests
11.12 Conclusion and Future Recommendation to Knowledge
References
Chapter 12: Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things in Instrumentation and Control in Waste Biodegradation Plants: Rece...
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Application of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things in Waste Biodegradation
12.3 Biodegradation as Alternative Waste Management Approach
12.4 Control of Biodegradation Processes Using Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Internet of Things
12.5 Specific Examples of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things for Waste Biodegradation
12.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Instrumentation and Control in Waste Biodegradation
12.7 Conclusion and Future Recommendations
References
Chapter 13: Bioremediation of Polythene and Plastics Using Beneficial Microorganisms
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Screening of Polythene and Plastic Degrading Microorganisms from Marine Sediment and Water
13.3 Degradation, Environmental Fate, and Risk Implications of Polythene and Plastic in Marine Environment
13.4 Role of Microbes in Degradation of Synthetic Polythene and Plastics in Marine Sediment and Water
13.5 Conclusion and Further Recommendation to Study
References
Chapter 14: Recent Advances in the Application of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms for Microbial Rejuvenation of Contamin...
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Application of Omics Techniques for the Biodegradation of the Polluted Environment
14.3 Application of Engineering Genetic in Microorganism for Bioremediation of Heavily Contaminated Environment
14.4 Genetically Engineered Microorganisms Used for Bioremediation
14.4.1 Application of Recombinant Bacteria for Metal Removal
14.4.1.1 Significant of Genetically Modified Biosorbents in the Eco-Restoration of Polluted Environment
14.4.1.2 Modes of Action Utilized by Genetically Engineered Microorganisms for the Bioremediation of Heavily Contaminated Envi...
14.4.1.3 Genes Responsible for Bioremediation Process in Genetically Engineered Microorganisms
14.4.1.4 Disadvantages of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms in the Eco-Restoration of Polluted Environment
14.5 Conclusion and Future Recommendations
References
Chapter 15: Efficacy of Microorganisms in the Removal of Toxic Materials from Industrial Effluents
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Major Toxic Pollutants Their Sources and Effects on Environment and Human Beings
15.2.1 Heavy Metals
15.2.1.1 Effect of Heavy Metals
15.2.2 Fluoride
15.2.2.1 Effect of Fluoride
15.2.3 Cyanide
15.2.3.1 Effect of Cyanide
15.2.4 Phenol
15.2.4.1 Effect of Phenol
15.2.5 Dyes
15.2.5.1 Effect of Dyes
15.3 Treatment Techniques
15.4 Bioremoval Mechanism of Toxic Materials
15.4.1 Heavy Metals
15.4.1.1 Biosorption and Bioaccumulation Mechanism
15.4.2 Fluoride Bioaccumulation Mechanism
15.4.3 Cyanide Biodegradation Mechanism
15.4.3.1 Hydrolytic Pathway
Cyanide Hydratase
Cyanidase
Nitrile Hydratase
Nitrilase
15.4.3.2 Oxidative Pathway
15.4.3.3 Reductive Pathway
15.4.3.4 Substitution/Transfer Pathway
15.4.3.5 Syntheses Pathway
15.4.4 Phenol Biodegradation Mechanism
15.4.5 Dyes Biodegradation Mechanism
15.5 Advances on Removal of Toxic Industrial Effluents
15.6 Conclusion
References