Magma to Microbe: Modeling Hydrothermal Processes at Ocean Spreading Centers......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 6
2. MAGMA TRANSPORT AND EVOLUTION OF THE OCEANIC CRUST......Page 8
3. GEOCHEMICAL MODELS FOR THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF HYDROTHERMAL FLUIDS......Page 10
5. HYDROTHERMAL CIRCULATION......Page 11
6. HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES OVER GEOLOGIC TIME......Page 12
REFERENCES......Page 13
Modeling Multiphase, Multicomponent Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers......Page 19
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 20
2. THE BASIC MODEL......Page 22
3. MULTIPHASE, MULTICOMPONENT MODELS......Page 27
4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 41
REFERENCES......Page 42
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 49
2. HEAT SUPPLY DURING SOLIDIFICATION OF MANTLE MELTS......Page 52
3. THE LOCATION OF MAGMATIC HEAT RELEASE......Page 55
4. SUB-SOLIDUS HEAT SUPPLY......Page 66
5. LOCAL, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL HEAT SUPPLY......Page 70
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 71
REFERENCES......Page 72
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 78
2. ACTIVE SOURCE SEISMOLOGY: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CONSTRAINTS ON CRUSTA L STRUCTURE......Page 79
3. EARTHQUAKE SEISMOLOGY?BASIC PRINCIPLES......Page 86
4. EARTHQUAKE CONSTRAINTS ON HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES......Page 89
5. EARTHQUAKE CONSTRAINTS ON ERUPTION PROCESSES......Page 92
6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS......Page 94
REFERENCES......Page 95
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 100
2. MECHANISMS OF HYDROTHERMAL RESPONSE......Page 103
3. FORMULATION......Page 108
4. NUMERICAL RESULTS......Page 112
5. MODELING THE MARCH 1995 EAST PACIFIC RISE EVENT......Page 115
REFERENCES......Page 121
The Chemistry of Diffuse-Flow Vent Fluids on the Galapagos Rift 86ยฐW: Temporal Variability and Subseafloor Phase Equilibria Controls......Page 125
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 126
2. GEOLOGIC SETTING AND HYDROTHERMAL ACTIVITY......Page 128
3. SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS......Page 129
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 132
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 141
REFERENCES......Page 142
Hydrothermal Fluid Composition at Middle Valley, Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Temporal and Spatial Variability......Page 147
2. GEOLOGIC SETTING......Page 148
3. METHODS......Page 150
4. RESULTS......Page 151
5. DISCUSSION......Page 157
6. SUMMARY......Page 165
REFERENCES......Page 166
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 169
2. EARLY MODEL DEVELOPMENTS......Page 170
3. MODEL PARAMETERS......Page 172
4. CHEMICAL MODELS OF OCEANIC HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS......Page 178
5. EXAMPLES OF REACTIVE TRANSPORT IN OCEANIC HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS......Page 181
6. DISCUSSION......Page 189
REFERENCES......Page 190
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 195
2. CARBON COMPOUNDS IN MID-OCEAN RIDGE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS......Page 197
3. SOURCES AND SINKS FOR CARBON COMPOUNDS IN MID-OCEAN RIDGE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS......Page 199
4. DEVELOPING MODELS OF CARBON CYCLING IN MID-OCEAN RIDGE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS......Page 210
REFERENCES......Page 211
1. INTRODUCTION ......Page 216
2. THE DIFFUSE FLOW AND SUBSEAFLOOR ENVIRONMENTS ......Page 217
3. MICROORGANISMS FROM DIFFUSE FLOW ENVIRONMENTS ......Page 219
4. MODELING DIFFUSE FLUID MICROORGANISMS: A PROSPECTUS ......Page 224
5. SUMMARY ......Page 226
REFERENCES ......Page 227
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 233
2. DIVERSITY OF SULFIDE-HOSTED MICROBIAL HABITATS......Page 234
3. THE MICROBIOLOGY OF HYDROTHERMAL SULFIDE DEPOSITS......Page 238
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 253
REFERENCES......Page 254
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 259
2. MODELS OF DISPERSAL......Page 260
3. MODELS OF INDIVIDUAL AND POPULATION GROWTH FOR A SINGLE SPECIES......Page 266
4. COUPLED DEMOGRAPHIC AND SPATIAL MODELS......Page 268
REFERENCES......Page 271
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 275
3. RECONSTRUCTING ANCIENT SEAWATER CHEMISTRY FROM BRINE INCLUSIONS IN SALT DEPOSITS......Page 277
4. RECONCILING MODELS AND PROXIES OF [MG2+] AND [CA2+] VARIATION......Page 278
REFERENCES......Page 281
Index......Page 284