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Loss of hypocretin (orexin) neurons with traumatic brain injury

✍ Scribed by Christian R. Baumann; Claudio L. Bassetti; Philipp O. Valko; Johannes Haybaeck; Morten Keller; Erika Clark; Reto Stocker; Markus Tolnay; Thomas E. Scammell

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 2009
Tongue: English
Weight: 430 KB
Volume: 66
Category: Article
ISSN: 0364-5134
DOI: 10.1002/ana.21836

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✦ Synopsis

Abstract

Chronic, daytime sleepiness is a major, disabling symptom for many patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but thus far, its etiology is not well understood. Extensive loss of the hypothalamic neurons that produce the wake‐promoting neuropeptide hypocretin (orexin) causes the severe sleepiness of narcolepsy, and partial loss of these cells may contribute to the sleepiness of Parkinson disease and other disorders. We have found that the number of hypocretin neurons is significantly reduced in patients with severe TBI. This observation highlights the often overlooked hypothalamic injury in TBI and provides new insights into the causes of chronic sleepiness in patients with TBI. Ann Neurol 2009;66:555–559

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