The purpose of this work is to provide an update on our understanding of lipids in the clinic using information from recent clinical trials and in special populations. This will be a concise, easy to read book. We will cover LDL, HDL and triglyceride metabolism in the first chapters. We will provide updates from recent HDL trials where raising HDL cholesterol did not translate into reduced cardiovascular events and revisit the role of HDL cholesterol in heart disease (Dr. Yassine). The vast majority of authors are confirmed. Dr. Goran will review lipids abnormalities in children with a particular focus on vulnerable populations (emphasis on ethnicity and childhood obesity). Dr. Goldberg will review the treatment goals for managing lipids in clinic. Dr. Abela will provide his expertise on the link between inflammation and lipids, and how this relates to atherosclerosis development. I invited Drs. Howard Hodis and Wendy Mack (world renowned experts on carotid imaging) to provide an update on measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with abnormal lipid levels. Finally, I invited Dr. Michael Dube to provide an update on how new HIV medications impact lipid levels. Overall, this somewhat small book will be an excellent resource for understanding changes in lipids in different populations with an updated approach to managing complicated lipid cases.