The sensitivity increase in bolometers obtained by operating temperatures of 1 K (helium-4) and 0.3 K (helium-3), with respect to standard bolometers cooled at pumped 4He temperature, represents in infrared and submillimetric astronomy a remarkable step forward in applications both on large ground t
Improved 3He/4He refrigerator
β Scribed by G Dall'Oglio; W Fischer; L Martinis; L Pizzo
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1993
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 146 KB
- Volume
- 33
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0011-2275
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β¦ Synopsis
The characteristics and performance of an improved 3He/4He double stage refrigerator are presented. It is based on the same principle as the previous double stage refrigerator described in reference 1. A new geometry was used to overcome both the extra thermal input due to gas convection in the condensation lines and the long period required to precool at 4.2 K. The improved refrigerator reaches an operative temperature of =0.35 K without any external mechanical pumping. The refrigerator has been used to cool 3He bolometers.
π SIMILAR VOLUMES
QT n -(4) L At the low temperature end, T = 4.2 K and (5) and the parameters p, A, X, Cp are constant and over a short length near the end the temperature variation can be taken as linear, which means that d2T -0 dx 2 From (3), (4), and (5) LI2pX 1 QT-Cp QL By differentiating dQT LI2 pX 1 dQL Cp Q~
A refrigerator capable of operating both in evaporation and dilution modes is described. The refrigerator provides preliminary cooling of investigated samples down to a starting temperature of about 0.3 K and permits the location of samples directly in the mixing chamber as well as their replacement
A 3He/4He dilution refrigerator is described where the instreaming 3He is precooled and liquefied by a counterflow heat exchanger which makes use of the enthalpy of the cold 3He gas pumped out of the still, and by subsequent Joule-Thomson expansion. This condenser replaces the usual 4He condenser.