## BACKGROUND. Due to lack of success with standard chemotherapy and only modest
Granulocyte-Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. A Phase II Trial
β Scribed by Rini, B.I.; Stadler, W.M.; Spielberger, R.T.; Ratain, M.J.; Vogelzang, N.J.
- Book ID
- 122413710
- Publisher
- Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
- Year
- 1999
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 113 KB
- Volume
- 161
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0022-5347
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## BACKGROUND. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that is involved in the differentiation and proliferation of various hematopoietic precursors. It also has been reported to enhance the antitumor activity of various mature effector cells. Previous reports have
The aim of this study was to determine the response rates and toxicity of two regimens containing granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. ## METHODS. Therapy given in the f