𝔖 Bobbio Scriptorium
✦   LIBER   ✦

Glial glutamate transporters: New actors in brain signaling

✍ Scribed by Esther López-Bayghen; Arturo Ortega

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
2011
Tongue
English
Weight
234 KB
Volume
63
Category
Article
ISSN
1521-6543

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

Abstract

Glutamate, the main excitatory amino acid in the vertebrate brain, is critically involved in most of the physiological functions of the central nervous system. It has traditionally been assumed that glutamate triggers a wide array of signaling cascades through the activation of specific membrane receptors. The extracellular levels are tightly regulated to prevent neurotoxic insults. Electrogenic Na^+^‐dependent glial glutamate transporters remove the bulk of the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft. An exquisitely ordered coupling between glutamatergic neurons and surrounding glia cells is fundamental for excitatory transmission. The glutamate/glutamine and astrocyte/neuron lactate shuttles provide the biochemical framework of this compulsory association. In this context, recent advances show that glial glutamate transporters act as signal transducers that regulate the expression of proteins involved in their compartmentalization with neurons in the so‐called tripartite synapse. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2011.

📜 SIMILAR VOLUMES

Glutamate transporter expression and fun
Glutamate transporter expression and function in human glial progenitors
✍ Nicholas J. Maragakis; Joerg Dietrich; Victor Wong; Haipeng Xue; Margot Mayer-Pr 📂 Article 📅 2004 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 288 KB

## Abstract Glutamate is the major neurotransmitter of the brain, whose extracellular levels are tightly controlled by glutamate transporters. Five glutamate transporters in the human brain (EAAT1–5) are present on both astroglia and neurons. We characterize the profile of three different human ast

Role of glial amino acid transporters in
Role of glial amino acid transporters in synaptic transmission and brain energetics
✍ Païkan Marcaggi; David Attwell 📂 Article 📅 2004 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 164 KB 👁 1 views

## Abstract This article reviews how the uptake of neurotransmitter by glial amino acid transporters limits the spatial spread of transmitter to preserve the independent operation of nearby synapses, temporally shapes postsynaptic currents, and regulates the effects of tonic transmitter release. We

Expression of high-affinity neuronal and
Expression of high-affinity neuronal and glial glutamate transporters in the rat optic nerve
✍ Inyeong Choi; Shing Yan Chiu 📂 Article 📅 1997 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 177 KB 👁 1 views

Recent studies have revealed that a dynamic axon-glial signaling occurs in the rat optic nerve, which is devoid of synapses. This interaction is postulated to be mediated by non-vesicular release of glutamate via a reversal of high-affinity glutamate transporters. Here we examined the expression of

Transient expression of the glial glutam
Transient expression of the glial glutamate transporters GLAST and GLT in hippocampal neurons in primary culture
✍ Céline Plachez; Niels Chr. Danbolt; Max Récasens 📂 Article 📅 2000 🏛 John Wiley and Sons 🌐 English ⚖ 751 KB

The extracellular glutamate concentration is kept low by glutamate transporters in the plasma membranes. Here we have studied the expression of the glutamate transporters GLAST, GLT and EAAC during the in vitro development of embryonic hippocampal neurons grown in a defined (serum free) medium. Immu