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Effect of electron configuration on the passive properties of CuNi alloys

✍ Scribed by H.H. Uhlig


Publisher
Elsevier Science
Year
1971
Tongue
English
Weight
798 KB
Volume
16
Category
Article
ISSN
0013-4686

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✦ Synopsis


Passive properties of Cu-Ni alloys begin at a critical composition of <6&65 at-% Cu (>35-$0 at-% Ni) coinciding with an utiled d-band of electronic energy levels as measured by magnetic saturation moment or electronic specific heat. Non-transition metal additions, eg Zn, Al, Ga, Ge, shift the critical composition to lower Cu contents; transition metal additions, on the other hand, eg Co, Fe, shift it to higher Cu contents.

The shifts of critical composition are interpreted quantitatively on the assumption that nontransition metal components donate their valency electrons to the untilled d-band of Ni and of any other alloyed transition metal component.

Reasons are presented to show that the number of d-electron vacancies per atom of Ni, Co or Fe is plausibly a function of its concentration in the alIoy.

The over-all results lead to the conclusion that (1) a definite relation exists between passivity and the electronic con@uration of Cu-Ni alloys (2) the passive film consists mostly of oxygen in less than monolayer to multilayer amounts; it has an adsorbed structure favoured by an untilled d-band in the alloy. The primary function of the adsorbed film is to increase overvoltage for anodic dissolution of the underlying metal (increased anodic polarization).

Metal ions and protons may enter in nonstoichiometric proportions, thereby stabilizing the film. When a stoichiometric oxide eventually nucleates from the non-stoichiometric film, the former is not the passive film nor is it the primary source of corrosion resistance. R&um&L.es proprietes passives des alliages Cu-Ni se manifestent a une composition critique <60-65 at-% Cu (> 3540 at-% Ni) coincidant avec une banded non remplie des niveaux d'energie dlectronique mesun& moment de saturation magnetique ou chalenr s*iiique electronique. Des additions de metal non de transition, tels que Zn, Al, Ga, Ge, deplacent la composition critique vers des teneurs en Cu plus faibles; d'autre part, des additions de metaux de transition tels que Co, Fe la deplacent vers des teneurs en Cu plus Blev&s. Ces deplacements de la composition critique sent interpret& quantitativement en admettant qu'un m&al non de transition &de ses electrons de valence a la bande-d non remplie du nickel ou de tout autre metal de transition allie. Des raisons sont avanc&s pour montrer que le nombre de lacunes en electron-d par atome de Ni, Co ou Fe est vraisemblabIement fonction de sa concentration dam l'alliage. Les r&sultats globaux conduisent a conclure que (1) une relation d&lnie existe entre la passivite et la conliguration &ctronique des alliages Cu-Ni (2) le Hrn passif consiste essentiellement en oxygene, en proportion moindre pour une monocouche que pour une multi-couche. I1 a une structure absorb& favorisee par une bande-d non remplie dans l'alliage. La fonction primaire du film adsorb6 est d'augmenter la surtension pour la dissolution anodique du m&al sous-jacent (polarisation anodique accrue). Les ions m&alliques et les protons peuvent s'incorporer en proportions non-stoechiom&iques, de facon a stabiliser le film. Quand un oxyde stoechiometrique peut Bventuellement se scinder a partir du film non-stoechiometrique, le premier n'est pas le film passif, m a l'origine proprement dite de la r&istance 21 la corrosion.


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