Disability and International Development: A Guide for Students and Practitioners

✍ Scribed by David Cobley

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 308
• Series: Rethinking Development
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Disability and International Development provides a comprehensive overview of the key themes in the field of disability and development, including issues around identity, poverty, disability rights, education, health, livelihoods, disaster recovery and approaches to researching disability.

As disability becomes increasingly prominent within the international development agenda, the need for governments and development actors to have a basic understanding of disability issues, as they seek to support disabled people to access their rights to full participation in society, has never been more acute. Drawing on a range of examples taken from around the world, this book introduces readers to the key topics and theories surrounding disability and development. The second edition of this popular textbook includes increased coverage of environmental accessibility, intersectionality, and reflections on the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disabled people and the prospects for change in a post-pandemic environment.

Written in an accessible and engaging style to suit both students and practitioners, the book includes a wide range of reflection exercises, discussion questions and further reading suggestions, making it the perfect introduction to disability and international development.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Endorsements
Half Title
Series
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Figures, tables, boxes and case studies
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
Terminology
Book structure and chapter summaries
Chapter 2: understanding, defining and measuring disability
Chapter 3: disability, identity and shared experiences of poverty
Chapter 4: international agreements on disability
Chapter 5: disabled people’s organisations and the international disability rights movement
Chapter 6: environmental accessibility
Chapter 7: disability, health and rehabilitation
Chapter 8: access to education
Chapter 9: pathways to economic participation
Chapter 10: disability and disasters
Chapter 11: disability and the COVID-19 pandemic
Chapter 12: researching disability
2 Understanding, defining and measuring disability
Individual models of disability
Religious model
Welfare model
Medical model
Social model of disability
Social model debates
The social model and the Global South
Human rights model
Bio-psycho-social model
Measuring disability
Measuring disability using the ICF
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
3 Disability, identity and shared experiences of poverty
Disability models and social identity
Impairment and identity
Disability and intersectionality
Intersectional studies on disability
Cultural context
Shared experiences of poverty
Disability and poverty in the Global South
Disability and development gap
Capability and the conversion handicap
Social protection
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
4 International agreements on disability
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons (1971)
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons (1975)
World Programme of Action (WPA) (1982)
United Nations Standard Rules (1993)
Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development (1995)
Ottawa Treaty (1997)
Millennium Declaration (2000)
Sapporo Declaration (2002)
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) (2006)
Optional protocol
CRPD implementation barriers
Lack of adequate data
Lack of political will
Weak governance structures
Lack of DPO capacity
Charity outlook
Negative attitudes, prejudice and stigma
United Nations Partnership on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNPRPD) (2011)
Addis Ababa Financing Agenda (2015)
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Regional agreements
Regional decades
Inter-American Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Persons With Disabilities (1999)
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Africa (2018)
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
5 Disabled People’s Organisations and the international disability rights movement
The independent living movement
Disabled People’s International and the International Disability Movement
Disabled people’s organisations (DPOs)
Challenges facing DPOs
Resource constraints
Conflicting priorities
Representation
Conflict and fragmentation
Political influence
The rights-based approach in Southern contexts
Disability mainstreaming and the twin-track approach
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
6 Environmental accessibility
Societal barriers
Physical barriers
Institutional barriers
Attitudinal barriers
Intersecting barriers
Accessibility in the CRPD
Reasonable accommodation
The role of disabled people and Disabled People’s Organisations (DPOs)
Legislation and implementation
Universal Design (UD)
New Urban Agenda
Universal design and the ICF
The role of assistive technology
ICT, the Information Society arid the digital divide
Standards and benchmarking
Universal design in the field of ICT
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
7 Disability, health and rehabilitation
Health and rehabilitation in the CRPD
Disability and health
Health risk factors
Exposure to violence and abuse
Disability and rehabilitation
Rehabilitation and the ICF
Barriers to health and rehabilitation
Accessibility
Improving accessibility
Affordability
Addressing cost barriers
Availability
Improving coverage
Quality
Raising standards
Access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services
Community-based rehabilitation (CBR)
The CBR matrix
CBR issues and challenges
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
8 Access to education
Disability, education and poverty
Special education
The future role of special schools
Integrated education
Inclusive education
International agreements on disability and education
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 1989
Jomtien Conference, 1990
Salamanca Conference, 1994
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 2000
World Education Forum for Action, Dakar, 2000
EFA Flagship on the Right to Education for Persons with Disabilities, 2004
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), 2006
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Inclusive education in practice
Inaccessible schools
Improving accessibility
School resources
Overcoming resource constraints
Rigid teaching curricula and methods
Cbild-to-cbild approach
Discriminatory attitudes
Raising disability awareness
Violence and bullying
Addressing bullying and violence within schools
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
9 Pathways to economic participation
Relevant international agreements
ILO Employment (Transition from War to Peace) Recommendation No.71, 1944.
ILO Recommendation No. 59, 1955
ILO Convention No. 159, 1983
ILO Code of Practice for Managing Disability in the Workplace, 2001
UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), 2006
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Environmental factors
Institutional processes
Attitudes and beliefs
Local economy
Disability sector
Family support
Vocational skills development
Segregated approaches
Mainstream approaches
Apprenticeships
Waged employment
Legislation and affirmative action
Non-obligatory measures
Business case
job placement
Self-directed employment
Access to capital
Group enterprises
Business development support (BDS)
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
10 Disability and disasters
Impact of disasters on disabled people
Intersectional discrimination
Poverty impacts
Impairment-related, impacts
The disaster management cycle
Disaster preparation
Inadequate data
Early warning and evacuation
Poverty and isolation
Disaster response
Blanket approaches
Displacement
Temporary shelters and camps
Disaster recovery
A time of opportunity
Disaster mitigation
Role of DPOs in disaster management processes
Strengthening DPOs
Peacekeeping and reconciliation
International disaster management frameworks, standards and guidance documents
United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) (2006)
Sphere standards
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2011)
Sendai Framework (2015)
International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) (2015)
Charter on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action (2016)
IASC Guidelines: Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action (2019)
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
11 Disability and the COVID-19 pandemic
Impact of COVID-19
Loss of community support
Access to information
Access to health and rehabilitation
Economic stresses
Exclusion from education
Institutional living
Intersectional discrimination
Differing experiences by impairment type
Disability-inclusive responses
Accessible information
Inclusive health responses
Social protection
Inclusive education responses
Inclusive employment responses
Community support
Supporting disabled people living in institutions
Consultation and collaboration
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
12 Researching disability
Historical impact of disability research
Participatory research
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Participatory action research
Putting participation into practice
Emancipatory research
Putting emancipatory research into practice
Reciprocity, gain and empowerment
Summary of key points
Discussion questions
Suggested further reading
Index