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Direct Asymmetric α-Fluorination of Aldehydes

✍ Scribed by Derek D. Steiner; Nobuyuki Mase; Carlos F. Barbas III


Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
2005
Tongue
English
Weight
326 KB
Volume
44
Category
Article
ISSN
0044-8249

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✦ Synopsis


Organic molecules containing fluorine have attracted much attention because they show distinctive characteristics in comparison with their parent compounds owing to the unique CÀF bond. [1] Substitution of hydrogen by fluorine is often considered isosteric and the high C À F bond strength generally protects fluorine from metabolic transformations. In addition, as fluorine has the ability to function as a hydrogen bond acceptor, fluorine-substituted bioactive compounds are useful analogues and probes of hydrogen bonding characteristics. The selective formation of carbon-fluorine bonds under mild conditions is thus a highly desirable methodology, especially in medicinal chemistry. [2] Previous approaches toward asymmetric fluorination relied on stoichiometric amounts of chiral fluorinating reagents [3] or chiral auxiliaries. [4] More recently, the catalytic asymmetric fluorination of b-keto esters with titanium and palladium as Lewis acids was reported. [5] a-Fluoro aldehydes have been characterized as unstable compounds that generally decompose upon purification. As a result, their syntheses have been very limited. Synthesis of afluoro aldehydes was first reported by Middleton and Bingham, who treated silyl enol ethers with trifluoromethyl hypofluorite (CF 3 OF). [6] Subsequently, enolate methodologies that use commercially available electrophilic fluorinating reagents such as NFSi (N-fluorobenzenesulfonamide; 5) and Selectfluor (F-TEDA-BF 4 or 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate); 3) have


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Direct Organocatalytic α-Fluorination of
✍ Dieter Enders; Matthias R. M. Huettl 📂 Article 📅 2005 🏛 John Wiley and Sons ⚖ 24 KB

## Halogenation O 0235 Direct Organocatalytic α-Fluorination of Aldehydes and Ketones. -A first protocol employs proline as the catalyst and Selectfluor as the electrophilic source of fluorine. The asymmetric induction is further investigated with various proline analogues (VII) and found to be ra