Connected and Automated Vehicles: Integrating Engineering and Ethics (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, 67)

✍ Scribed by Fabio Fossa (editor), Federico Cheli (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 204
• Edition: 1st ed. 2023
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book reports on theoretical and practical analyses of the ethical challenges connected to driving automation. It also aims at discussing issues that have arisen from the European Commission 2020 report “Ethics of Connected and Automated Vehicles. Recommendations on Road Safety, Privacy, Fairness, Explainability and Responsibility”. Gathering contributions by philosophers, social scientists, mechanical engineers, and UI designers, the book discusses key ethical concerns relating to responsibility and personal autonomy, privacy, safety, and cybersecurity, as well as explainability and human-machine interaction. On the one hand, it examines these issues from a theoretical, normative point of view. On the other hand, it proposes practical strategies to face the most urgent ethical problems, showing how the integration of ethics and technology can be achieved through design practices. All in all, this book fosters a multidisciplinary approach where philosophy, ethics, and engineering are integrated, rather than just juxtaposed. It is meant to inform and inspire an audience of philosophers of technology, ethicists, engineers, developers, manufacturers, and regulators, among other interested readers.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Introduction
Contents
Minding the Gap(s): Different Kinds of Responsibility Gaps Related to Autonomous Vehicles and How to Fill Them
1 Introduction
2 What is a Self-driving Car and What is Responsibility?
3 Responsibility Gaps in General
4 Responsibility Gaps Related to Self-driving Cars
5 Should We Mind the Gaps?
6 Suggestions About How/Whether Responsibility Gaps Can Be Filled
7 Concluding Remarks
References
Designing Driving Automation for Human Autonomy: Self-determination, the Good Life, and Social Deliberation
1 Introduction
2 Ethics of Technology and Driving Automation
3 Human Autonomy and Driving Automation
4 One Concept, Three Dimensions
5 Driving Automation and the Self-determination of Driving Tasks
6 Driving Automation and the Good Life
7 Driving Automation and Independent Policy-Making
8 Conclusions
References
Contextual Challenges to Explainable Driving Automation: The Case of Machine Perception
1 Introduction
2 Explainability and Driving Automation: An Ethical Perspective
3 The Contextual Nature of Explainability
3.1 Content
3.2 CAV Stakeholders
3.3 Explainability in Driving Automation: A Working Definition
4 Machine Perception in Driving Automation
5 Contextual, Human-Centred Explainability and Machine Perception
5.1 CAV Users
5.2 Developers
5.3 Legal Professionals
6 Conclusion
References
Design for Inclusivity in Driving Automation: Theoretical and Practical Challenges to Human-Machine Interactions and Interface Design
1 Introduction
2 Inclusivity, Transportation, and Driving Automation
3 From Automation to Human–Machine Interactions
4 From “Agent” to “Agents”
5 Design for Inclusivity: A Case Study
5.1 Preliminary Methodological Considerations
5.2 Case Study: Setting the Stage
5.3 Physical Impairments
5.4 Cognitive Impairments and Diversity
6 Conclusion and Future Outlooks
References
From Prototypes to Products: The Need for Early Interdisciplinary Design
1 Introduction
2 Prototypes, Products, and Design Ethics
3 A Case Study
3.1 Setting the Stage: Driving Automation and Communication
3.2 Detecting Collision Risk at Intersections: A Hypothetical Scenario
3.3 From Prototypes to Products: Ethical Challenges
4 Start Early! Insights from Design Ethics
5 Conclusion
References
Gaming the Driving System: On Interaction Attacks Against Connected and Automated Vehicles
1 Introduction
2 Cybersecurity in Driving Automation: Hacking, Sensor Interference, and Interaction Attacks
3 Safety-Oriented Trajectory Planning
3.1 Robust Approaches
3.2 Probabilistic Approaches
3.3 Trajectory Planning and Interaction Attacks
4 Possible Solutions and Related Hurdles
4.1 Secrecy
4.2 Diversity
5 Conclusion
References
Automated Driving Without Ethics: Meaning, Design and Real-World Implementation
1 Introduction
2 The Semantics of Automated Driving
2.1 The Problem with Machine Ethics
2.2 Addressing the AV’s Problem
3 Implementing Ethically-Aware Decision-Making
3.1 The Scope of Ethical Deliberation
3.2 Ethical Valence Theory
3.3 The Technical Implementation of Ethical Decision-Making
3.4 Deliberation in Dilemma Situations
4 Contractarian Approaches
5 Utilitarian Approaches
6 Egalitarian Approaches
7 Conclusion
References
Thinking of Autonomous Vehicles Ideally
1 Introduction
2 The Moral Machine Experiment from an Empirical Perspective
3 The Moral Machine Experiment from an Ideal Perspective
4 Making the Ideal Perspective Work
5 Ideality Guiding (Harsh) Reality
6 Emerging Algorithmic Technologies, Globalisation and Super-Abstraction
References
Thinking About Innovation: The Case of Autonomous Vehicles
1 Introduction
2 Existing Taxonomies and Their Limitations
3 A New Typology of Technological Innovation
4 The Case of Autonomous Vehicles
5 Conclusion
References
Autonomous Vehicles, Artificial Intelligence, Risk and Colliding Narratives
1 Introduction
2 Part One: Framing the AV Narrative as a Business Tool and Strategy
2.1 The Digital Narrative Turn
2.2 The AV Narrative Context
2.3 Framing Narrative Value
2.4 Growing AV Narrative Tensions
2.5 AV Narrative and the Question of Risk Communication
2.6 Narrative Risk
3 Part Two: The Relationality of the AV and AI Narratives
3.1 The AI Creator Narrative
3.2 The AI Prosperity Narrative
3.3 The AI Creator Counter Narrative
3.4 The AI Unknown Impacts Counter Narrative: Science Technology Studies, Technology Ethics, AI Ethics, AI Risk and AV Ethics
4 Part Three: Deconstructing the Human Intelligence Innovation Narrative. A World Built on Transportation and Human-Driving Intelligence
4.1 Unpacking AV Risk Narrative
4.2 Narrative Versus AV Reality
4.3 Anticipating and Investigating AV Impacts Research
5 Concluding Remarks
References