โ Scribed by Charles W. Walker Jr.
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Calcium/Ca(AlClJ-oxyhalide/carbon cells have been studied because of their high energy density and purported safety advantages over lithium oxyhalide cells. However, calcium anode corrosion and poor cell performance at low temperatures have impeded development of this system. At -30 "C, severe anode polarization is responsible for cell failure. Performance of pure calcium and calcium alloys in Ca(AlCl&-thionyl chloride electrolyte was explored. It was found that best cell performance was achieved when the components included a pure calcium anode, 1 M Ca(AlCl&-SOCl, electrolyte containing 7% sulfur dioxide, and a carbon cathode composed of a blend of high and low surface area carbons. At -30 "C, anode polarization is due largely to increased electrolyte viscosity and related effects. Addition of SO* alleviates these effects to some extent. Raising the discharge temperature to -20 "C significantly improves cell performance.
๐ SIMILAR VOLUMES
A cell has been constructed that allows a caknun or hthmm-anoded oxyhahde cell of conventional composition to be analysed for catholyte-soluble &charge products usmg laser Raman spectroscopy Both cells showed the presence of sulphur dloxlde solvated by tluonyl chlonde Speaes of the type M(SOCl,)(SOJ
A Raman spectroscopic study was carried out on aqueous solutions of R 4 NCl (R = methyl, ethyl and npropyl) at low temperatures and in the glassy state. The changes in the Raman OD stretching spectra with temperature, R 4 NCl and concentration are discussed in connection with hydrophobic hydration.