Applied fluid mechanics

✍ Scribed by Mott, Robert L.; Untener, Joseph A

• Publisher: Pearson
• Year: 2014;2015
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 553
• Edition: Seventh edition
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This popular applications-oriented approach to engineering technology fluid mechanics covers all of the basic principles of fluid mechanics--both statics and dynamics--in a clear, practical presentation that ties theory directly to real devices and systems used in chemical process industries, manufacturing, plant engineering, waste water handling and product design. "The Big Picture" sections--focus on real products or systems where the principles of fluid mechanics are used, discuss the kind of fluid used, what the fluid is used for, how it behaves, what conditions exist in the system that affect its behavior, and the relationships between those systems. Features a "programmed approach" to completely worked, complex, real-world example problems; spreadsheets; a unique presentation of the Moody diagram; highlighted major formulae and definitions; and an extensive set of appendix tables.The Nature of Fluids. Viscosity of Fluids. Pressure Measurement. Forces on Submerged Plane and Curved Areas. Buoyancy and Stability. Flow of Fluids and Bernoulli's Equation. General Energy. Reynolds Number, Laminar Flow, and Turbulent Flow. Energy Losses Due to Friction. Minor Losses. Series Pipe Line Systems. Parallel Pipe Line Systems. Pump Selection and Application. Open Channel Flow. Flow Measurement. Forces Due to Fluids in Motion. Drag and Lift. Fans, Blowers, Compressors. Flow of Gases. Flow of Air in Ducts.For Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineers interested in Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, or Fluid Power.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 16
The Big Picture......Page 18
1.2 Basic Introductory Concepts......Page 20
1.4 The U.S. Customary System......Page 21
1.5 Weight and Mass......Page 22
1.7 Consistent Units in an Equation......Page 23
1.8 The Definition of Pressure......Page 25
1.9 Compressibility......Page 27
1.10 Density, Specific Weight, and Specific Gravity......Page 28
1.11 Surface Tension......Page 31
Practice Problems......Page 32
Computer Aided Engineering Assignments......Page 35
The Big Picture......Page 36
2.1 Objectives......Page 37
2.2 Dynamic Viscosity......Page 38
2.3 Kinematic Viscosity......Page 39
2.4 Newtonian Fluids and Non-Newtonian Fluids......Page 40
2.5 Variation of Viscosity with Temperature......Page 42
2.6 Viscosity Measurement......Page 44
2.7 SAE Viscosity Grades......Page 49
2.9 Hydraulic Fluids for Fluid Power Systems......Page 50
References......Page 51
Practice Problems......Page 52
Computer Aided Engineering Assignments......Page 54
The Big Picture......Page 55
3.2 Absolute and Gage Pressure......Page 56
3.3 Relationship between Pressure and Elevation......Page 57
3.4 Development of the Pressure–Elevation Relation......Page 60
3.5 Pascal’s Paradox......Page 62
3.6 Manometers......Page 63
3.7 Barometers......Page 68
3.8 Pressure Expressed as the Height of a Column of Liquid......Page 69
3.9 Pressure Gages and Transducers......Page 70
Practice Problems......Page 72
The Big Picture......Page 80
4.2 Gases Under Pressure......Page 82
4.3 Horizontal Flat Surfaces Under Liquids......Page 83
4.4 Rectangular Walls......Page 84
4.5 Submerged Plane Areas—General......Page 86
4.6 Development of the General Procedure for Forces on Submerged Plane Areas......Page 89
4.7 Piezometric Head......Page 90
4.8 Distribution of Force on a Submerged Curved Surface......Page 91
4.10 Forces on a Curved Surface with Fluid Below It......Page 95
4.11 Forces on Curved Surfaces with Fluid Above and Below......Page 96
Practice Problems......Page 97
Computer Aided Engineering Assignments......Page 109
The Big Picture......Page 110
5.2 Buoyancy......Page 111
5.3 Buoyancy Materials......Page 118
5.4 Stability of Completely Submerged Bodies......Page 119
5.5 Stability of Floating Bodies......Page 120
5.6 Degree of Stability......Page 124
Practice Problems......Page 125
Stability Evaluation Projects......Page 133
The Big Picture......Page 134
6.2 Fluid Flow Rate and the Continuity Equation......Page 135
6.3 Commercially Available Pipe and Tubing......Page 139
6.4 Recommended Velocity of Flow in Pipe and Tubing......Page 141
6.5 Conservation of Energy—Bernoulli’s Equation......Page 144
6.6 Interpretation of Bernoulli’s Equation......Page 145
6.8 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation......Page 146
6.9 Torricelli’s Theorem......Page 154
6.10 Flow Due to a Falling Head......Page 157
Internet Resources......Page 159
Practice Problems......Page 160
Analysis Projects Using Bernoulli’s Equation and Torricelli’s Theorem......Page 170
The Big Picture......Page 171
7.1 Objectives......Page 172
7.2 Energy Losses and Additions......Page 173
7.4 General Energy Equation......Page 175
7.5 Power Required by Pumps......Page 179
7.6 Power Delivered to Fluid Motors......Page 182
Practice Problems......Page 184
The Big Picture......Page 195
8.2 Reynolds Number......Page 198
8.3 Critical Reynolds Numbers......Page 199
8.5 Friction Loss in Laminar Flow......Page 200
8.6 Friction Loss in Turbulent Flow......Page 201
8.7 Use of Software for Pipe Flow Problems......Page 207
8.8 Equations for the Friction Factor......Page 211
8.9 Hazen–Williams Formula for Water Flow......Page 212
8.11 Nomograph for Solving the Hazen–Williams Formula......Page 213
Practice Problems......Page 215
Computer Aided Engineering Assignments......Page 221
The Big Picture......Page 222
9.1 Objectives......Page 223
9.3 Velocity Profile for Laminar Flow......Page 224
9.4 Velocity Profile for Turbulent Flow......Page 226
9.5 Flow in Noncircular Sections......Page 229
9.6 Computational Fluid Dynamics......Page 233
Practice Problems......Page 235
Computer Aided Engineering Assignments......Page 241
The Big Picture......Page 242
10.2 Resistance Coefficient......Page 244
10.3 Sudden Enlargement......Page 245
10.5 Gradual Enlargement......Page 248
10.6 Sudden Contraction......Page 250
10.7 Gradual Contraction......Page 253
10.8 Entrance Loss......Page 254
10.9 Resistance Coefficients for Valves and Fittings......Page 255
10.10 Application of Standard Valves......Page 261
10.11 Pipe Bends......Page 263
10.12 Pressure Drop in Fluid Power Valves......Page 265
10.13 Flow Coefficients for Valves Using CV......Page 268
10.14 Plastic Valves......Page 269
10.15 Using K-Factors in PIPE-FLO ® Software......Page 270
Practice Problems......Page 275
Computer Aided Analysis and Design Assignments......Page 280
The Big Picture......Page 281
11.2 Class I Systems......Page 282
11.3 Spreadsheet Aid for Class I Problems......Page 287
11.4 Class II Systems......Page 289
11.5 Class II Systems......Page 295
11.6 PIPE-FLO® Examples for Series Pipeline Systems......Page 298
11.7 Pipeline Design for Structural Integrity......Page 301
Practice Problems......Page 303
Computer Aided Analysis and Design Assignments......Page 312
The Big Picture......Page 313
12.2 Systems with Two Branches......Page 315
12.3 Parallel Pipeline Systems and Pressure Boundaries in PIPE-FLO®......Page 321
12.4 Systems with Three or More Branches—Networks......Page 324
Practice Problems......Page 331
Computer Aided Engineering Assignments......Page 334
The Big Picture......Page 335
13.1 Objectives......Page 336
13.4 Positive-Displacement Pumps......Page 337
13.5 Kinetic Pumps......Page 343
13.6 Performance Data for Centrifugal Pumps......Page 347
13.7 Affinity Laws for Centrifugal Pumps......Page 349
13.8 Manufacturers’ Data for Centrifugal Pumps......Page 350
13.9 Net Positive Suction Head......Page 358
13.11 Discharge Line Details......Page 363
13.12 The System Resistance Curve......Page 364
13.13 Pump Selection and the Operating Point for the System......Page 367
13.14 Using Pipe-flo® for Selection of Commercially Available Pumps......Page 369
13.15 Alternate System Operating Modes......Page 373
13.16 Pump Type Selection and Specific Speed......Page 378
13.17 Life Cycle Costs for Pumped Fluid Systems......Page 380
References......Page 381
Internet Resources......Page 382
Practice Problems......Page 383
Design Problems......Page 384
Design Problem Statements......Page 385
Comprehensive Design Problem......Page 387
The Big Picture......Page 389
14.1 Objectives......Page 390
14.2 Classification of Open-Channel Flow......Page 391
14.4 Kinds of Open-Channel Flow......Page 392
14.5 Uniform Steady Flow in Open Channels......Page 393
14.6 The Geometry of Typical Open Channels......Page 397
14.8 Critical Flow and Specific Energy......Page 399
14.9 Hydraulic Jump......Page 401
14.10 Open-Channel Flow Measurement......Page 403
Internet Resources......Page 407
Practice Problems......Page 408
Computer Aided Engineering Assignments......Page 411
The Big Picture......Page 412
15.2 Flowmeter Selection Factors......Page 413
15.3 Variable-Head Meters......Page 414
15.6 Vortex Flowmeter......Page 421
15.7 Magnetic Flowmeter......Page 423
15.10 Mass Flow Measurement......Page 425
15.11 Velocity Probes......Page 427
15.13 Computer-Based Data Acquisition and Processing......Page 431
Internet Resources......Page 432
Practice Problems......Page 433
Computer Aided Engineering Assignments......Page 434
The Big Picture......Page 435
16.2 Force Equation......Page 436
16.4 Problem-Solving Method Using the Force Equations......Page 437
16.5 Forces on Stationary Objects......Page 438
16.6 Forces on Bends in Pipelines......Page 440
16.7 Forces on Moving Objects......Page 443
Practice Problems......Page 444
The Big Picture......Page 449
17.2 Drag Force Equation......Page 451
17.4 Drag Coefficient......Page 452
17.6 Vehicle Drag......Page 458
17.8 Lift and Drag on Airfoils......Page 460
References......Page 462
Practice Problems......Page 463
The Big Picture......Page 467
18.2 Gas Flow Rates and Pressures......Page 468
18.3 Classification of Fans, Blowers, and Compressors......Page 469
18.4 Flow of Compressed Air and Other Gases in Pipes......Page 473
18.5 Flow of Air and Other Gases Through Nozzles......Page 478
Internet Resources......Page 484
Practice Problems......Page 485
Computer Aided Engineering Assignments......Page 486
The Big Picture......Page 487
19.2 Energy Losses in Ducts......Page 489
19.3 Duct Design......Page 494
19.4 Energy Efficiency and Practical Considerations in Duct Design......Page 500
Practice Problems......Page 501
Appendix A Properties of Water......Page 505
Appendix B Properties of Common Liquids......Page 507
Appendix C Typical Properties of Petroleum Lubricating Oils......Page 509
Appendix D Variation of Viscosity with Temperature......Page 510
Appendix E Properties of Air......Page 513
Appendix F Dimensions of Steel Pipe......Page 517
Appendix G Dimensions of Steel, Copper, and Plastic Tubing......Page 519
Appendix H Dimensions of Type K Copper Tubing......Page 522
Appendix I Dimensions of Ductile Iron Pipe......Page 523
Appendix J Areas of Circles......Page 524
Appendix K Conversion Factors......Page 526
Appendix L Properties of Areas......Page 528
Appendix M Properties of Solids......Page 530
Appendix N Gas Constant, Adiabatic Exponent, and Critical Pressure Ratio for Selected Gases......Page 532
Answers to Selected Problems......Page 533
C......Page 542
F......Page 543
J......Page 544
O......Page 545
P......Page 546
U......Page 547
W......Page 548

✦ Subjects

Science;Engineering