Applied Cognitive Science and Technology: Implications of Interactions Between Human Cognition and Technology

✍ Scribed by Sumitava Mukherjee (editor), Varun Dutt (editor), Narayanan Srinivasan (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 261
• Edition: 1st ed. 2023
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book fills the long-pending gap in consolidating research on applied cognitive science and technology. It explores the broader implications of interactions between human cognition and technology by touching upon artificial intelligence (AI) and artificial agents, decision support and assistance support systems, cybersecurity threats, computational modeling of cognition through artificial neural networks and machine learning, human factors, engineering design, and social media interfaces. With an interdisciplinary scope that addresses psychological and technological issues, this unique book shows how cognitive science is furthered by technology(or platforms) while simultaneously illustrating how the study of cognitive processes is helping shape technological products. Accordingly, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in a broad array of fields, such as psychology, science, engineering and management.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I Artificial Intelligence and Agents
1 Toward Behavioral AI: Cognitive Factors Underlying the Public Psychology of Artificial Intelligence
A Revived Human View of Artificial Intelligence
India
New Zealand
United Kingdom
United States
China
Worldwide Growth and An Evolving Need for Behavioral AI
Why Should We Trust Algorithms?
Algorithm Aversion and Appreciation
Domain Specificity and Task Sensitivity
Measuring Preferences for AI Versus Humans in Light of National AI Strategies
Cognitive Factors Related to Preferences Toward AI Algorithms
Transparency and Explanation
Algorithmic Error
Perceived Understanding
Accuracy and Risk Levels
Sense of Uniqueness-Neglect and Responsibility
Summary of Factors
Cognitive Solutions to Increase Acceptability of AI and Enhance Algorithmic Appreciation
Communicate Transparency of Algorithmic Processing
Give Control to Modify Algorithmic Outcomes
Provide Social Proof
Increase Understanding
Frame Algorithms to Be More Humanlike
Conclusion
References
2 Defining the Relationship Between the Level of Autonomy in a Computer and the Cognitive Workload of Its User
Introduction
Review
Levels of Automation
Measurements of Mental Workload
Other Factors that May Impact Relationship
Experimental Design and Methodology
Discussion
Conclusion
References
3 Cognitive Effects of the Anthropomorphization of Artificial Agents in Human–Agent Interactions
Introduction
Anthropomorphic Design
The Uncanny Valley
Social Robotics
Empathy and Attribution of Mind
Physical Human–Robot Interaction
Goal-directed Action and Mirroring
Altruistic and Strategic Behavior Toward Robots
Ethical Considerations
Present Challenges
State of the Field
References
Part II Decision Support and Assistance Systems
4 Psychological Factors Impacting Adoption of Decision Support Tools
Introduction
Decision Support Systems
Adoption
Cognitive Biases
Anchoring Bias
Egocentric Bias
Belief Bias
Familiarity Bias
Automation Bias
Trust
Ethics and Culpability
Mitigating Factors
Requirements
Design
Training
Release
Support
Conclusion
References
5 Model-Based Operator Assistance: How to Match Engineering Models with Humans’ Cognitive Representations of Their Actions?
Introduction
Complex Problem Solving and Situation Awareness in Process Plants
Formal Models in the Engineering Phase of a Plant
Using Engineering Models for Operator Assistance
Abstraction Hierarchies in Systems Engineering and Human Cognition
Abstraction Hierarchies in Systems Engineering
Abstraction Hierarchies in the Cognitive Representation of Actions
Implications for the Use of Engineering Models in Operator Assistance Systems
Models Need to Provide Information on the Right Levels of Abstraction
Selecting Suitable Models by Matching the Levels of Abstraction
Describing the Contents and Capabilities of Models
Conclusion
References
Part III Behavioral Cybersecurity
6 Behavioral Game Theory in Cyber Security: The Influence of Interdependent Information's Availability on Cyber-Strike and Patching Processes
Summary
Introduction
The Markovian Game
Expectations in the Markovian Game
Experiment
Experimental Design
Respondents
Procedure
Results
The Proportion of Strike and Patch Actions in AV and Non-AV Conditions
The Proportion of Strike and Patch Actions in s and ns States
Strike and Patch Proportions in AV and Non-AV Conditions and s and ns States
Strike and Patch Proportions Over Blocks
Discussion and Conclusion
Authors’ Note
References
7 Exploring Cybercriminal Activities, Behaviors, and Profiles
Introduction
The Threat of Cybercrime: Actions and Actors
Cybercriminal Case Studies
Overview and Method of Analysis
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
Discussion and Conclusion
References
Part IV Neural Networks and Machine Learning
8 Computer Vision Technology: Do Deep Neural Networks Model Nonlinear Compositionality in the Brain's Representation of Human–Object Interactions?
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Experimental Data
Direct Classification Using a Deep Neural Network
DNN Representations to Predict Voxel Responses
Results
Comparing MVPA Classification with Direct DNN-Based Classification
DNN Representations to Predict Voxel Responses
Clustering over Voxels
Discussion and Conclusions
References
9 Assessment of Various Deep Reinforcement Learning Techniques in Complex Virtual Search-and-Retrieve Environments Compared to Human Performance
Summary
Introduction
Background
The Food Collector Experiment
Participants
Experiment Design
Procedure
Models
Evaluation Metric for Human and Model Performance
Results
Human Experiment Results
Model Results
Discussion
Conclusion
References
10 Cognate Identification to Augment Lexical Resources for NLP
Introduction
Problem Statement
Model
Character Embeddings
LSTM
Attention Layer
Language and Concept Features
Experiments
Datasets
Evaluation
Baseline Models
Experiment 1: Cross-Language Evaluation
Experiment 2: Cross-Family Pre-training
Experiment 3: Cross Concept Evaluation
Hindi–Marathi Domain Experiment
Analysis
Concept Wise Performance
Transcription Tests
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Part V Human Factors
11 Psychophysiological Monitoring to Improve Human–Computer Collaborative Tasks
Introduction
Multi-level Cognitive Cybernetics and Adaptive Automation
Means of Communicating Human Performance Factors
Technology Requirements
Physiological Indicators of Performance
Pupil Diameter
Heart Rate Variability
Electro-dermal Activity
Electroencephalography
Adaptive Automation Empirical Research
Conclusions
References
12 Human–Technology Interfaces: Did ‘I’ do it? Agency, Control, and why it matters
What is a Sense of Agency?
Mechanism Underlying Sense of Agency
Importance of Sense of Agency
Measures of Sense of Agency
Applications of Sense of Agency
Health and Sense of Agency
Sense of Agency and Aging
Sense of Agency and Schizophrenia
Sense of Agency and Autism
Sense of Agency and Immersive Therapy
Sense of Agency and Meditation
Sense of Agency and Prosthetics
Sense of Agency and Technology
Sense of Agency and HCI
Sense of Agency and Gaming Industry and VR
Sense of Agency and Automation
Sense of Agency and Education
Conclusion
References
Part VI Engineering Design
13 Do Analogies and Analogical Distance Influence Ideation Outcomes in Engineering Design?
Introduction
Literature Review
Patents in Design
Effects of Patent-Based Analogies on Ideation
Effects of Analogical Distance on Ideation
Metrics for Assessing the Performance of Ideation
Research Gaps and Questions
Research Methodology
Experiment
Data Analysis
Results
Effects of Stimulation on Quantity, Novelty, and Quality of Concepts
Effects of Analogical Distance on Novelty and Quality of Concepts
Discussion
Conclusions
References
Part VII Critical Considerations
14 Humiliation and Technology: Dilemmas and Challenges for State, Civil Society, and Industry
Humiliation in Human–Technology Relations
What is Humiliation?
Self, Social Interactions, and Culture
Definition and Consequences
Social Identity and Group-Based Humiliation
A Victim-Centered, Agentic, and Multi-level Approach
Fraping and Online Identity
Technology and Persistence of Caste in India
Abu Ghraib and Militant Islamic Terrorism: The Role of Technology
Interventions by State, Civil Society, and Industry
Acknowledge Victimhood
Ensure Proper Control and Deletion of Digital Records of Humiliation
Develop Humiliation Dynamic Informed Platform Governance
Conclusion
References
15 Technology: Does It Help or Harm Intelligence—or Both?
Introduction
Foolishness
Obedience to Authority
Groupthink
Self-Imposed Bias and Limitations in Information-Seeking and Information-Interpretation
Conclusion
References