Contents
Pavement Testing
A New Low-Activity Nuclear Density Gauge for Compaction Control of Asphalt, Concrete, Soil, and Aggregate Layers in Road Construction
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Low-Activity Nuclear Density Gauge for Asphalt and Soil Density Measurements
2.1 General Description
2.2 Measurement Process
2.3 Safety and Radiation Exposure to Gauge Operator
2.4 Density Calibration
3 Gauge Measurement Properties
3.1 Sensitivity
3.2 Precision
3.3 Accuracy
3.4 Depth of Measurement for Backscatter Mode
4 Density Measurement of Asphalt Concrete
4.1 Fast Measurements
4.2 Slow Measurements
4.2.1 Surface Course (Fine Graded Mix)
4.2.2 Binder Course (Coarse Graded Mix)
5 Density and Moisture Measurement of Soil and Aggregate Layers
5.1 Density Measurements of Soils
5.2 Moisture Measurements of Soils Using the Non-Nuclear Moisture Probe
5.2.1 General Description
5.2.2 Moisture Measurement Precision
5.2.3 Moisture Measurement Accuracy
5.2.4 Moisture Measurements of Soils
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
A Study into the Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness of Using State-of-the-Art Technology for Road Network Level Condition Assessment
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Details of Selected Road Network
3 Comparison of Condition Data Capturing Methods
4 Assessment Methodology
5 Economic Analysis
6 Summary of Findings
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Acknowledgements
References
Asphalt Pavement Innovations
Paths to Successful Asphalt Road Structures Performance BasedSpecificationsforHotMixAsphalt
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Low-Temperature Performance
3 Stiffness and Fatigue Behavior
4 Permanent Deformation Behavior
5 Asphalt Mix Requirements
6 Conclusions
References
Study on Rejuvenators and Their Effect on Performance Characteristics of an Asphalt Concrete Containing 30% Reclaimed Asphalt
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Asphalt Mixture Variants
3 Test Results
3.1 Air Void Content
3.2 Dynamic Test Results
3.3 Stiffness Modulus
3.4 Resistance to Thermal Induced Crack Propagation
4 Conclusion
References
Sustainable Use of Cool Pavement and Reclaimed Asphalt in the City of Phoenix
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Phoenix Street Network
3 Pavement Condition
4 Preservation and Rehabilitation Treatments
5 Cool Pavement Pilot Program
6 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Phoenix
7 Conclusions and Future Work
Optimizing the Adhesion Quality of Asphalt Binders Based on Energy Parameters Derived from Surface Free Energy
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methods and Materials
3 Results and Analyzes
3.1 Work of Adhesion in Dry Contidion
3.2 Work of Adhesion in Wet Condition
3.3 Er1 Index
4 Spreading Coefficient
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Estimating Asphalt Film Thickness in Asphalt Mixtures Using Microscopy to Further Enhance the Performance of UAE Roadways
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Methodology
3.1 Specimen Preparation
3.2 SEM Imaging
3.3 Microscopy Imaging
3.4 Image Analysis
4 Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowlegement
References
Effect of Crumb Rubber and Polymer Modifiers on Performance Related Properties of Asphalt Binders
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Materials and Testing
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Neat Asphalt
3.1.2 Crumb Rubber
3.1.3 Polymers
3.2 Testing
3.2.1 Aging Procedure
3.2.2 Penetration, Softening Point, Viscosity
3.2.3 Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder
3.2.4 Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Penetration, Softening Point, and Viscosity
4.2 PG Results
4.3 MSCR Results
5 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Road Safety Leadership
How Do Best Performing Countries in Road Safety Save Lives on the Roads? Lessons Learned from Case Studies in Singapore
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Road Safety Data of Singapore
1.2 Agencies and Organizations Contributing to Road Safety in Singapore
2 Road Safety Management
2.1 Road Safety Audits (RSA)
2.2 Red Light Camera System
2.3 LTA Road Maintenance Program
3 Speed Management
3.1 Setting Speed Limits
3.2 Speed Cameras
3.3 Low Speed Zones
3.4 Traffic Calming Measures
4 Road Infrastructure Management
4.1 Collision Factors
4.2 Safer Roadsides Through Forgiving Roads
4.3 Self-explaining Roads
5 Case Studies
5.1 Identifying Dangerous Existing Streets
5.2 Dangerous Road Designs
5.3 Dangerous Pedestrian and Cyclist Infrastructure
5.4 Safer Design Principles: Sustainable Cycling and Pedestrian Infrastructure
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Data for Road Incident Visualization, Evaluation, and Reporting (DRIVER): Case Studies of Cebu, Philippines and the Asia-Pacific Road Safety Observatory (APRSO)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Road Safety Data in the Philippines
3 An Overview of Driver Crash Database System
4 Driver Case Studies
5 Driver Experience in the Asia-Pacific Road Safety Observatory (APRSO)
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Road Financing Strategies
Is a Further Increase in Fuel Levy in Kenya Justified?
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Study Context
2.1 Study Country
2.2 Kenya’s Road Sector
2.3 Road Maintenance Financing Status and Challenges
2.4 Need for Increased Expenditure in Road Maintenance
3 Study Methodology
3.1 The HDM-4 Model
3.2 The HDM-4 Strategy Analysis
3.3 Data Collection and Processing
3.4 Study Assumptions
4 Study Results and Discussions
4.1 Assessment of Optimal Road Network Maintenance Needs and Maintenance Financing Gap
4.2 Impact of Maintenance Under-funding on Network Performance
4.3 Relationship Between Network Performance and Funding Levels
4.4 Impact of Road Condition on Road User Costs (RUCs)
4.5 Return on Investment Due to Increased Maintenance Expenditure
4.5.1 Paved Road Network
4.5.2 Unpaved Road Network
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Bridge and Structural Management
Aerial Robotic System for Complete Bridge Inspections
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Aerial Visual Inspection Robot
3 GNSS-Free Aerial Robot Navigation
4 Aerial Contact Inspection Vehicle
5 Main AeroX Components
6 Experimental Validation
7 Conclusions
References
Damage Inspection, Structural Evaluation and Rehabilitation of a Balanced Cantilever Bridge with Center Hinges
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Investigation Procedure
3 Damage Inspection of Center Hinge Bearings
4 Measurement of Bridge Alignment and Profile, and Longitudinal Movements
5 Bridge Load Testing and Behaviors Measurement
6 Structural Analysis and Load-Rating Evaluation of Existing Bridge Structure
7 Determination of Appropriate Replacement Method for Center Hinge Bearings
8 Summary and Conclusions
References
Reinforcement of Scoured Pile Group Bridge Foundations with Spun Micro Piles
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Soil Investigation and Damage Evaluations
2.1 Soil Investigation
2.2 Damage Evaluation
3 Alternatives and Solutions
3.1 Alternatives
3.2 Spun Micro Piles
4 Design of Spun Micro Piles
4.1 Capacity of Existing Foundations
4.2 Design of Spun Micro Pile Foundations
5 Construction Procedure
5.1 Preparation of Construction Site
5.2 Soil Excavation and Embankment
5.3 Driving Spun Micro Piles
5.4 In-Situ Test of the Load-Bearing Capacity of the Driven Piles
5.5 Transferring the Weight of the Superstructure to the New Piles
5.6 Casting New Foundations and Protection Walls
5.7 Returning the Site to the Beginning Condition
6 Conclusions
References
Repair of Settled Pile Bent Bridge Foundations with Spun Micro Piles
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Soil Investigation and Damage Evaluations
2.1 Soil Investigation
2.2 Damage Evaluation
3 Alternatives and Solutions
3.1 Alternatives
3.2 Spun Micro Piles
4 Design of Spun Micro Piles
4.1 Capacity of Existing Foundations
4.2 Design of Spun Micro Pile Foundations
5 Construction Procedure
5.1 Preparation of Construction Site
5.2 Soil Excavation and Embankment
5.3 Driving Spun Micro Piles
5.4 Lifting the Settled Superstructure to the Desired Elevation
5.5 Casting New Foundations
5.6 Returning the Site to the Beginning Condition
6 Assessment of Load-Carrying Capacity
6.1 Pile Capacity Evaluation Using Blow Counts
6.2 Load Test on the Bridge
7 Conclusions
References
Overview of Integral Abutment Bridge Applications in the United States
Abstract
1 Introduction and Literature Review
2 Types of Integral Abutment Bridges
3 Loads on Integral Abutment Bridge Systems
4 General Construction Provisions for Integral Abutment Bridges
5 Limitations of Integral Abutment Bridges
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Case Studies in ITS Development
Pacemaker Lighting Application to Prevent Traffic Congestion in a V-Shaped Tunnel and Provide Sustainable Operation: A Case Study: Eurasia Tunnel
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Specification and Application of Pacemaker Lighting in Eurasia Tunnel
4 Main Aims of the Project
5 Methodology
6 Main Results of the Project
7 Conclusion
8 Recommendations for Future Studies
References
Real Time Multi Object Detection & Tracking on Urban Cameras
Abstract
1 Introduction and Problem Definition
2 Related Works
3 Proposed Solution
3.1 Predicting the Position of the Object Frame with the Tracker
3.2 Parameters of the Tracker
4 Evaluation
5 Conclusions
References
Effective Advanced Warning for Connected Safety Applications - Supplementing Automated Driving Systems for Improved Vehicle Reaction
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Problem Statement
2 Methods
2.1 Assumptions
2.2 Data Sources and Data Cleaning
3 RLR Reduction
3.1 Determining an Appropriate Advanced Warning
3.2 Sources of Error
3.3 Number of Reductions in RLRs
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Traffic Planning and Forecasting - 1
A Case Study of Rural Freight Transport – Two Regions in North Carolina
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Prior Studies
3 Socioeconomic Attributes of the Study Areas
4 Findings
4.1 The Deep Southwest
4.2 The Far Northeast
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Traffic Delay Evaluation and Simulating Sustainable Solutions for Adjacent Signalized Roundabouts
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Study Area
2.1.1 Al Kuwait Roundabout
2.1.2 Government Square
2.2 Traffic Demand
2.3 Alternative Solution
2.4 Microscopic Network Modeling
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Average Vehicle Delay and Stopped Delay
3.2 Level of Service
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Safe Roads by Design - 1
A Comparative Evaluation of the Safety Performance of Median Barriers on Rural Highways; A Case-Study
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Previous Research on Safety Impacts of Various Barrier Types and the Study Motivation
3 The Study Database
4 Methods of Analysis
5 Results
5.1 Safety Performance of Road Sections with Various Median Barrier Types, On Dual-Carriageway Roads
5.2 Safety Performance of Road Sections with Various Median Barrier Types, On Motorways
5.3 Economic Benefits of Replacing the Old NJ-Barriers by Other Barrier Types
6 Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Ascendi’s Safety Barriers Upgrading Program
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Safety Barriers Upgrading Program
2.1 Establishing the Upgrading Program
2.2 The Program
2.3 Research and Development
2.4 Implementation
3 Conclusions
References
Effectiveness of Cable Median Barriers in Preventing Cross Median Crashes and Related Casualties in the United States - A Systematic Review
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methods
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
Integrated Transport Planning
Transforming Infrastructure Projects Using Agile
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Agile Project Management (APM) Defined
3 Utilizing Agile Project Management for the Enhancement of the Construction of Road Infrastructure
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Savings Potential in Highway Planning, Construction and Maintenance Using BIM - German Experience with PPP
Abstract
1 Short Description of the Overall Project or Task
2 Digitization of the German Construction Industry
3 Benefits of Building Information Modeling
4 Description of the Digital Performance Report in an Overall Model within the Software Ecosystem
4.1 Implicit Planning Model and Validated Quantity Calculation
4.2 External IFC Models
4.3 Process Model for Road Construction
4.4 Dynamic Segmentation
4.5 5D BIM Model
4.6 Performance Message
5 Summary, Conclusions
6 Expression of Gratitude
Demonstrating Connectivity and Exchange of Data Between BIM and Asset Management Systems in Road Infrastructure Asset Management
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Asset Management and BIM
3 Overview of CoDEC
4 Data Dictionary Structure and Content
5 Future Proofing the Data Dictionary
6 CoDEC Data Ontology
7 Methodology for Developing CoDEC Ontology
8 CoDEC Application Protocol Interface (CoDEC API)
9 Demonstrating the Developed Solution Through Real Data
10 Pilot Project on Tunnel – Integration and 3D Visualisation of Monitoring Data
10.1 Concept
10.2 Method
10.3 Challenges and Outputs
10.4 Benefits
11 Pilot Project on Road – Linking BIM and GIS for Road Asset Management
11.1 Concept
11.2 Method
11.3 Challenges and Output
11.4 Benefits
12 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Greening Road Projects
Road Construction Using Locally Available Materials
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Soil Stabilizer
2.1.2 Types of Soils and Nature of the Work
2.2 Test Methods and Application Equipment
2.2.1 Soil Characterization
2.2.2 Installation Equipment
2.3 Installation Procedure
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Practical Applications of Big Data Science
Road Roughness Estimation Using Acceleration Data from Smartphones
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Experimental
3.1 The experiment’s Field
3.2 Equipment and the Setting
3.3 Methodology
4 Analysis
5 Conclusions
References
Improving Traffic Safety by Using Waze User Reports
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Waze Application
3 Waze Report Processing and Analysis System
4 Impact of Waze Reports
5 Future Development Plans
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
A Glimpse into the Near Future – Digital Twins and the Internet of Things
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 How Organizations are Preparing to Deploy Digital Twins Within an Overall Asset Lifecycle Management Framework
2.1 Asset Lifecycle Conceptual Framework
2.2 Applied Intelligence Conceptual Model
3 Use Case Examples of How Organizations are Planning to Deploy Digital Twins by Integrating Source Systems of Record Such as Pavement and Bridge Management Systems
3.1 Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT)
3.2 Kuwait Public Authority for Roads and Transportation (PART)
3.3 Dubai Roads and Transport Authority (RTA), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
4 An Overview of the Services, Products, and Technologies Employed
4.1 Data Contributors
4.2 Data Aggregators
5 The Latest Thinking on Asset Management, Factoring in Human Factors, Cyber and Physical Security, Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
6 Conclusions
6.1 Findings
6.2 Conclusions
6.3 Recommendation
Acknowledgements
References
Long Term Pavement and Asset Performance - 1
Field Monitoring of Road Pavement Responses and Their Performance in Thailand
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Field Instrumented Pavement Sections
3 Field Testing
4 Pavement Responses
5 Pavement Performance Monitoring
6 Conclusions
Reference
Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Concrete Industry – A New Horizon
Abstract
1 Introduction and Literature Review
2 SCM Concrete Mix Proprtioning, Batching, and Mixing Procedures
3 SCMs in Proprietary Ultra High Performance Concrete Mixes
4 SCMs in Non-proprietary High-Performance Concrete Mixes
5 Applications of SCM Incorporated Concrete in Construction Industry
References
Long Term Anti Corrosion Measures for Magosaki Viaduct by Cover Plate Method
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Study of Anti-corossion Measures
2.1 Outline of Cover Plate Method
2.2 Functionality Assessment
2.3 Cost Assessment
2.3.1 Preliminary Comparison
2.3.2 LCC Analysis
3 Design of Cover Plate Method
3.1 Verification of Weight
3.2 Clearance in the Box Girder
3.3 Verification of Wind Load
3.4 Ensuring Airtightness and Maintainability at the Connection Structure
4 Installation Work
4.1 Back Panel Installation
4.2 Side Panel Installation
4.3 Other Work
5 Evaluation of Anti-corrosion Performance
5.1 Measurement of Adhered Salt
5.1.1 Method and Material
5.1.2 Results and Discussion
5.2 Measurement of Temperature and Relative Humidity
5.2.1 Method and Material
5.2.2 Results and Discussion
6 Summary and Conclusion
Reference
Degradation of Friction Performance Indicator Over the Time in Highways Using Linear Mixed Models
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Data Set
3 Data Analysis
4 Linear Mixed-Effects Model (Concept and Formulation)
5 Validation
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Road Safety Risk Diagnosis
Application of an Innovative Network Wide Road Safety Assessment Procedure Based on Human Factors
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Inspectors Training and Site Inspections
4 Applications to Case Studies and Results
5 Conclusions
References
A Review of the Spatial Analysis Techniques for the Identification of Road Accident Black Spots and It’s Application in Context to India
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Moran’s I
2.2 Getis-Ord Gi Statistic
2.3 Planar Kernel Density Estimation
2.4 Network Kernel Density Estimation
3 Chronology of Research Developments
4 Case Studies
4.1 Indiana Network USA (Abdulhafedh 2017)
4.2 Des Moines City of Iowa State USA (Lakshmi et al. 2019)
5 Application in Context of India
6 Conclusion
References
Road Network Safety Screening of County Wide Road Network. The Case of the Province of Brescia (Northern Italy)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Research Context
2.2 Modelling Crash Frequency for the Road Network Screening
2.3 Data Collection and Preparation
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
An iRAP Based Risk Impact Analysis at National Highway-1 for a Proposed Route Connecting Coastal Areas of Bangladesh
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
4 Selection of Best Alignment
5 Road Accident Situation in the Selected Coridor
6 Current Scenario of Study Area
7 iRAP Analysis
8 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Maintenance Strategies - 1
Improving Pavement Condition at an Accelerated Pace: The City of Phoenix Accelerated Pavement Maintenance Program
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Phoenix Street Network
3 Pavement Condition
4 Preservation and Rehabilitation Treatments
5 Funding for Pavement Maintenance
6 Developing the APMP
7 Public Outreach and Engagement
8 Construction and Progress
9 Conclusions
Smart Infrastructure Asset Management System on Metropolitan Expressway in Japan
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Introduction of Maintenance and Management System for Infrastructure
2.1 Maintenance and Management by Infradoctor
2.1.1 Site Condition Survey and Measurement on the System
2.1.2 Creation of 2D and 3D CAD Drawing
2.1.3 Simulation in 3D Work Space
2.1.4 Damage Detection of Structure
2.2 Maintenance and Management by Infrapatrol
2.2.1 Camera System
2.2.2 Viewer System
2.2.3 Emergency Report System
2.2.4 Automatic Damage Detection System
2.2.5 Movie Sharing System by Cloud Server
2.3 Introduction of Cim for Advanced Maintenance
3 Conclusions
References
Decarbonizing Road Transport
Evaluation of the CO2 Reduction Effect of Low Rolling Resistance Asphalt Pavement Using the Fuel Consumption Simulation Method
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Study Method
3 The Relationship Between RRC and CO2 Reduction Rate
4 Effect Evaluation of Application to Major Roads Across Japan
5 CO2 Reduction Effect of the Difference in Traffic Volume
6 Conclusions
References
Green Energy Sources Based on Thermo-Electrochemical Cells for Electricity Generating from Transport, Engineering Buildings and Environment Waste Heat
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methods for Obtaining Microspheres and Electrodes
2.3 Materials Characterization and Thermo-Electrochemical Measurements
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Long Term Pavement and Asset Performance - 2
An Approach to Estimate Pavement’s Friction Correlation Between PCI, IRI & Skid Number
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Method
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
Futures Research
References
Effect of Different Aggregate Gradations on Rutting Performance of Asphalt Mixtures for UAE Roadways
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Aggregate Gradation
3 Mixture Design and Test Methods
3.1 Dynamic Modulus, |E| Test
3.2 Flow Number Test
4 Materials
4.1 Asphalt Binder
4.2 Aggregate Properties and Gradations
5 Asphalt Mixture Test Results
5.1 Dynamic Modulus, |E| Test Results
5.1.1 Construction and Comparison of |E*| Master Curves
5.2 Flow Number Test Results
5.2.1 The Tested Specimens
5.2.2 Flow Number Test Results and Analysis
6 Summary of Findings
References
Evaluation of AASHTO Mechanistic Empirical Design Guide Inputs to the Performance of Tennessee Pavements
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 MEPDG Evaluation Practices
3 Methodology
3.1 Study Objectives
3.2 PMED Design Inputs
3.3 LTPP Site Selection
3.4 Distress Prediction
4 Results and Analysis
4.1 Distress Prediction Results
4.2 Statistical Analysis of Results
4.3 Discussion of the Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Influence of Dynamic Analysis on Estimation of Rutting Performance Using the Fixed Vehicle Approach
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Study Methodology
2.1 Data Collection and Representation of Traffic Loads
2.2 Modeling of Asphalt Pavement System
2.3 Determination of Vertical Strains from Static and Dynamic Analyses
3 Analyses
3.1 Determination of Truck Traffic Based on Fixed Vehicle Approach
3.2 Dynamic and Static Load Analyses
3.3 Asphalt Pavement Numerical Model
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Street and Highway Designs for CAVs - 1
A Review on Benefits and Security Concerns for Self Driving Vehicles
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Benefits and Advantages of Using Self-driving Vehicles
3 Security Concerns and Disadvantages of Using Self-driving Vehicles
3.1 Risk Landscape of Autonomous Vehicles
3.2 Traffic Accident Aspect of Autonomous Vehicle
4 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Contrast Ratio of Road Markings in Poland - Evaluation for Machine Vision Applications Based on Naturalistic Driving Study
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results
4 Discussion and Conclusions
References
San Diego Bus Rapid Transit Using Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Technology
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Overview
3 Design
4 Building Blocks
5 Lessons Learned
5.1 Building Complex Systems Out from Existing Technologies
5.2 User Interfaces and Driver Distraction
5.3 Using Open Standards
5.4 Building on Project Stakeholder Consensus
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Maintenance Strategies - 2
Introduction to the RoadMark System Low Cost, Fast and Flexible Data Collection for Rural Roads
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 The Importance of Rural Roads
2.2 The Challenges Facing the Management of Rural Roads in Many Countries
3 Requirements for Any Data Collection System
4 Approach Adopted
4.1 Condition Ratings
4.2 Asset Referencing and Road Sectioning
4.3 Recording Lengths and Dimensions
4.4 Scalability and Organisation of Data Collection
5 Key Features of the Roadmark System
6 Pilot Surveys
7 Analyis of Data
8 Further System Developments
9 Licensing Arrangements
10 Conclusions
Similarity Between an Optimal Budget in Pavement Management & an Equilibrium Quantity of Demand-Supply Analysis in Economics
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Model Development
2.1 Optimal Maintenance Budget Estimation
2.2 Optimal Budget Allocation Between Two Highway Networks
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Results of Optimal Maintenance Budgets
3.2 Results of Optimal Budget Allocation Between Two Highway Networks
4 Conclusions and Future Research
References
Integrating Flexible Pavement Surface Macrotexture to Pavement Management System to Optimize Pavement Preservation Treatment Recommendation Strategy
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Pavement Surface Macrotexture Characteristics
3 Pavement Surface Macrotexture Performance Model
4 Pavement Preservation Treatment Strategy
5 Summary and Conclusions
References
Safe Roads by Design - 2
MASH TL-3 Development and Evaluation of the Thrie-Beam Bullnose Attenuator
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Thrie-Beam Bullnose System Details
3 Mash Evaluation Requirements
4 Full-Scale Crash Testing
4.1 Test No. MSPBN-1
4.2 Test No. MSPBN-2
4.3 Test No. MSPBN-3
4.4 Test No. MSPBN-4
4.5 Test No. MSPBN-5
4.6 Test No. MSPBN-6
4.7 Test No. MSPBN-7
4.8 Test No. MSPBN-8
4.9 1500A Analysis Procedure
5 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Safety Performance Evaluation of Modified Thrie-Beam Guardrail
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Mash Evaluation Requirements
3 Modified Thrie-Beam System Details
4 Full-Scale Crash Testing
4.1 Test No. MTB-1
4.2 Test No. MTB-2
5 Summary and Conclusions
6 Recommendations for Transitioning to Approach Guardrail Transitions
Acknowledgements
References
In-Service Performance Evaluation of Iowa’s Sloped End Treatments
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Data Collection and Review Methodology
4 Exposure Calculation
5 Crash Outcomes and Crash Costs
6 Discussion
7 Conclusions
References
A Synthesis of 787-mm Tall, Non-proprietary, Strong-Post, W-beam Guardrail Systems
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Post Variations
3 Blockout Variations
4 Placement Adjacent to Slopes
5 Median Configuration
6 MGS with an Omitted Post
7 Mash TL-2 Guardrail
8 Placement Adjacent to Curbs
9 Culvert Mounted Configurations
10 Placement of Luminaire Poles Near the MGS
11 Additional Systems
Acknowledgements
References
A Synthesis of MASH Crashworthy, Non-proprietary, Weak-Post, W-beam Guardrail Systems
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Modified G2 Weak Post Guardrail
3 Bridge Rails
4 Culvert Mounted Guardrail Systems
5 Guardrail Systems for Use in Mow Strips
6 Future Developements
Acknowledgements
References
The Safety Highway Geometry Based on Unbalanced Centripetal Acceleration
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Objectives
3 References Revision
4 Research Method
5 Proposed Models
6 Results
7 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Stiffening Guidance for Temporary Concrete Barrier Systems in Work Zone and Construction Situations
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Test Requirements and Evaluation Criteria
3 Design Details
3.1 Pin and Bolted Anchorages
3.2 Box-Beam Rail as Stiffener
4 New Jersey PCB Tests
4.1 Test No. NJPCB-1
4.2 Test No. NJPCB-2
4.3 Test No. NJPCB-3
4.4 Test No. NJPCB-4
4.5 Test No. NJPCB-5
4.6 Test No. NJPCB-6
4.7 Test No. NJPCB-7
5 Discussion and Analysis
5.1 Free-standing Systems
5.2 Free-standing, Box-Beam Stiffened Systems
5.3 Pinned Anchorage Systems
5.4 Bolted Anchorage System
5.5 General System Configurations
6 Conclusions and Recommendations
Acknowledgements
References
Safety Performance Evaluation of a Non-proprietary Type III Barricade for Use in Work Zones
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 System Selection and Design Details
3 Test Requirements and Evaluation Criteria
4 Type III Barricade Full-Scale Crash Tests
4.1 Test No. WZNP-1
4.2 Test No. WZNP-2
5 Conclusions
6 Recommendations
Acknowledgements
References
ITS Design and Implementation Strategies
Unified ITS Environment in the Republic of Tatarstan
Abstract
1 Mobility in the Republic of Tatarstan
2 Road Safety
2.1 Traffic Enforcement
2.2 Video Surveillance Systems
2.3 Weight-In-Motion Systems
2.4 Environmental Monitoring on the Roads
2.5 Navigation Systems Based on GLONASS+112
2.6 Conclusion
3 Reliability and Availability
3.1 Adaptive Traffic Control System and Priority System for Public Transport and Emergency Services
3.2 Geoinformation for Monitoring and Managing the Condition of Roads and Infrastructure
3.3 Automated System for Dispatching Passenger Transport in Kazan
4 Environmental Monitoring
5 Transport System’s User Comport
5.1 Mobility as a Service
5.2 Driverless Technologies
6 Unified Transport System
7 Conclusions
References
Road Pricing and Tolling
Assessment of the Potential Implementation of High-Occupancy Toll Lanes on the Major Freeways in the United Arab Emirates
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Simulation and Analysis
2.2 Public Perception
3 Micro Simulation
3.1 Study Area
3.2 Simulation Scenarios
3.3 Roadway Performance
3.4 Environmental Evaluation
4 Future Recommendations
5 Conclusion
References
Driver Behavior Strategies
Posted Road Speed Limits in Abu Dhabi: Are They Too High? Should They Have Been Raised? Evidence Based Answers
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Objectives
3 Methods
4 Arguments Against Raised PSL
4.1 No Backing from High-School Physics
4.2 Poorer Driver Cognitive Performance and More Expensive Road Design
4.3 More Severe Crashes on Roads with Higher PSLs
4.4 More Severe Single-Vehicle, Run-off-Road (SVROR) Crashes on Roads with Higher PSLs
4.5 Roadside Design in AD not Ready for Higher PSLs
4.6 Increased PSL Differentials
4.7 Poorer Intersection Safety
4.8 Increased GHG Emissions
4.9 Increased Potential for Liability
4.10 Marginal Mobility Improvement
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Transport Responses to the Pandemic
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mobility Behavior in Istanbul After One Year of Pandemic
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 COVID-19 and Measures
2 Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Humans’ Mobility
2.1 Mobility Trend Using Public Transit
2.2 Mobility Tend Using Personal Vehicle
3 Survey Descriptions
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
The Evaluation of the Impacts on Traffic of the Countermeasures on Pandemic in Istanbul
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Countermeasures
3 Survey Data and Questioneries
4 Analysis of Survey Data
5 Analysis of RTMS Data
6 Conclusions
References
New Approaches to Performance Delivery
From Reactive to Proactive Maintenance in Road Asset Management
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Steps Towards Proactive Maintenance
2.1 General
2.2 Technology Steps
2.3 Data Analysis Techniques
3 Experiences from PEHKO Pilot Project in Finland
3.1 PEHKO Project Goals
3.2 PEHKO Results, Weakest Links
3.3 Experiences of Proactive Maintenance Actions
3.4 Life Cycle Cost Improvement 2016–2020
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Observing How Influence of Nature Phenomena Against Inside Tunnel by Air Pressure Information
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Kan-Etsu Tunnel
3 Investigations Environment and Measuring Process
4 Evaluation Result
5 Discussion
6 Applications
7 Conclusion
References
Road Asset Management: Innovative Approaches
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Objectives
3 Methodology
4 Results
5 Analysis and Conclusions
References
Traffic Planning and Forecasting – 2
Evaluating the Efficiency of Constructability Review Meetings for Highway Department Projects
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Research Objectives and Methodology
4 Research Results
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
A Novel Method for Aggregate Tour-Based Modeling with Empirical Evidence
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Aggregate Tour-Based Modeling: A Novel Design
3 Basic Tour Modeling
4 Complex Tour Modeling
4.1 Parents Escorting Children to School en-Route to Work (via Commuting HWH and Education HEH Demands)
4.2 Rubber Banding Method for Intermediate Stop Insertion
4.3 Half-Tour Modeling with Assumptions Reflecting the Reality
5 The Case Study for Wuhan City
5.1 Data Analysis and Calibrated Parameters
5.2 Model Convergence, Realism and Sensibility
6 Conclusion and Further Development
References
Multilayer Perceptron Modelling of Travelers Towards Park-and-Ride Service in Karachi
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 Park and Ride Service
2.2 Ann Approach in Transportation Research
2.3 MLP and Mode Choice Modelling
3 Research Implementation and Methods
4 Model Development
5 Conclusions
References
Congestion on Canada’s Busiest Highway, 401 Problems, Causes, and Mitigation Strategies
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Study Area
1.2 Problem Definition
2 Methodology
3 Data Analysis
4 Discussion
4.1 High Influx of Traffic from DVP
4.2 Inefficient Local Arterial Networks
4.3 Recent Infrastructure Developments for Reducing Congestion
5 Suggested Improvements and Its Feasibility
5.1 Ramp-Metering Systems (RMS)
5.2 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for Information
5.3 Improvements in Local Arterial Networks
5.4 Temporary Shoulder Usage
5.5 Policy Changes
6 Conclusions
References
Multi-Stakeholder Transportation Strategies
A Holistic Approach for the Road Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa
Abstract
1 The Need for a New Approach in the Road Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa
2 The Importance of Roads and Road Maintenance for Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings from Research and Practice
3 Components of a Holistic Programme
4 Conclusion and Final Recommendations
References
Innovations in Road Materials
The Introduction of Micro - & Nanodispersed Fillers into the Bitumen Binders for the Effective Microwave Absorption (for the Road, Airfield & Bridge Pavements)
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Rheological Properties of Rubber Modified Asphalt Binder in the UAE
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Experimental Plan
3 AASHTOWare Simulations
3.1 Design Inputs
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Recycling Waste Rubber Tires in Pervious Concrete Evaluation of Hydrological and Strength Characteristics
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program
2.1 Materials
2.2 Mix Design
2.3 Test Methods
2.3.1 Hardened Density and Porosity
2.3.2 Permeability
2.3.3 Compressive Strength
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Hardened Density and Porosity
3.2 Permeability
3.3 Compressive Strength
4 Conclusions and Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
Incorporation of CFRP and GFRP Composite Wastes in Pervious Concrete Pavements
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Program
2.1 Materials and Mix Proportions
2.2 Methodology
2.2.1 Porosity
2.2.2 Permeability
2.2.3 Compressive Strength
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Porosity
3.2 Permeability
3.3 Compressive Strength
4 Conclusions and Recommendations
Acknowledgments
References
Asphalt Modified with Recycled Waste Plastic in South Africa Encouraging Results of Trial Section Performance
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Properties of rHDPE Binder
3 Hot-Mix Asphalt Design
4 Trial Sections
5 Traffic Loading
6 Assessment of Performance
6.1 Scope of Assessments
6.2 Automated Data Capture: Rut Depth, Texture (MPD) and Roughness (IRI)
6.3 Detailed Visual Assessment
6.4 Analysis of Deflection Measurements
6.5 Mechanistic Analysis
7 Summary of Findings
7.1 General Description of the Trials
7.2 Findings: Section 1 SMA Type Asphalt Mix
7.3 Findings: Section 2 EME Type Asphalt Mix
8 Conclusions
References
Climate Resilient Road Design – 1
GIS Aided Vulnerability Assessment for Roads
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Urban Road Network Vulnerability Assessment
3 Main Typologies for Vulnerability Assessment of Roadway Assets
3.1 Classification of Soil
3.2 Functional Hierarchical Road Categorization
3.3 Road Pavements
3.4 Embankments, Slopes, and Trenches
3.5 Tunnels
3.6 Bridges and Retaining Walls
4 Weighting of Vulnerability Parameters
4.1 Geological and Topographical Conditions of the Study Area
5 Vulnerability Scan for Meclis-i Mebusan Arterial Street
6 Conclusions
References
Investigation of Historical and Future Air Temperature Changes in the UAE
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Research Objective
2 Study Area and Data
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Collection of Data
3 Analysis of Historical Climate Factors in the UAE
3.1 Wind Speed
3.2 Relative Humidity
3.3 Sunshine and Precipitation
3.4 Air Temperature
3.5 Future Climate Models Chosen for this Study
3.6 Interpolation to Compute Exact Air Temperature at Weather Stations
3.7 Correction of Future Records Using Delta Change Approach
4 Interpolation Using ARC GIS PRO
4.1 Kriging Method
4.2 Natural Neighbor Method
4.3 Trend Method
4.4 Spline Method
4.5 Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) Method
5 Analysis of Future Air Temperature in the UAE
6 Minimum and Maximum Air Temperature Trends from All Models
7 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Climate Teleconnections Contribution to Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts Using Hybrid Intelligent Model
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 The Wavelet Multiresolution Decomposition
2.2 The Non-linear Autoregressive Network with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) Artificial Intelligence Model
2.3 Proposed MWD-NARX Forecasting Model
2.4 Hydro-Climatic Data
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Development of Pavement Temperature Prediction Models for Tropical Regions Incorporation into Flexible Pavement Design Framework
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Data Collection
3 Data Analysis and Model Development
3.1 Correlation Matrices for Mmax and Mmin
3.2 Correlation Matrices for PTm and PTa
3.3 Mmax and Mmin Models
3.4 Pavement Temperature Prediction Models
4 Validation of the Models
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Impacts of Transport Investments
Experiences of High Capacity Transport in Finland
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 High Capacity Transport
3 Maximum Weight and Height of Vehicle Combinations in Finland
4 Effect of New Dimensions to Road Networks
5 Piloting of Longer and Hevier Vehicle Combinations in 2013–2019
6 Maximum Length of Vehicles and Vehicle Combinations
7 Future Development Plans
8 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Impacts of Transportation Infrastructure Investments and Options for Sustainable Funding
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Economic Importance of Infrastructure Investment
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Identifying Road Projects
2.3 Findings
3 Revenue Generation Options
3.1 Implementation Recommendations
3.1.1 Recommendation 1 - Road User Charge Pilot Program
3.1.2 Recommendation 2 - Adjust the Statewide Sales Tax
3.1.3 Recommendation 3 - Improve the Highway Use Tax
3.1.4 Recommendation 4 - Phase-Out of the Gas Tax
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Climate Resilient Road Design – 2
Climate Resilient Urban Mobility by Non-motorized Transport
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Proposed NMT Design for Kampala Central Business District
3 Evaluation Methodology
4 Evaluation Results
5 Other Benefits
6 Conclusions
7 Challenges Facing NMT Project Implementation
8 Recommendations
Acknowledgements
References
Author Index