X-ray Pulsar-based Navigation: Theory and Applications (Navigation: Science and Technology, 5)

✍ Scribed by Wei Zheng, Yidi Wang

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 232
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book discusses autonomous spacecraft navigation based on X-ray pulsars, analyzing how to process X-ray pulsar signals, how to simulate them, and how to estimate the pulse’s time of arrival based on epoch folding. In turn, the book presents a range of X-ray pulsar-based spacecraft positioning/time-keeping/attitude determination methods. It also describes the error transmission mechanism of the X-ray pulsar-based navigation system and its corresponding compensation methods. Further, the book introduces readers to navigation based on multiple measurement information fusion, such as X-ray pulsar/traditional celestial body integrated navigation and X-ray pulsar/INS integrated navigation. As such, it offers readers extensive information on both the theory and applications of X-ray pulsar-based navigation, and reflects the latest developments in China and abroad.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Basic Concept of Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation System
1.1.1 Definition of Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation System
1.1.2 Necessity of Autonomous Navigation Systems
1.2 Three Main Types of Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation Systems
1.2.1 Inertial Navigation System
1.2.2 Celestial Navigation System
1.2.3 Navigation Satellite System
1.3 Review of X-Ray Pulsar-Based Navigation
1.3.1 Brief Introduction of Pulsar
1.3.2 Brief Introduction of X-Ray Pulsar-Based Navigation
1.3.3 Famous Programs on XPNAV
1.3.4 Progresses of Key Techniques
References
2 Fundamential of the X-Ray Pulsar-Based Navigation
2.1 Space-Time Reference Frame
2.1.1 Coordinate System
2.1.2 General Relativistic Time System
2.2 Timing Model
2.2.1 Time and Phase Model
2.2.2 Time Transfer Model
2.3 Spacecraft Orbital Dynamics and Attitude Dynamics Models
2.3.1 Spacecraft Orbital Dynamics Model
2.3.2 Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics Model
2.4 X-Ray Pulsar-Based Spacecraft Positioning
2.4.1 Basic Principle
2.4.2 Working Flow
2.4.3 Analysis on the X-Ray Detector Configuration Scheme
2.5 X-Ray Pulsar-Based Spacecraft Time Keeping
2.5.1 Basic Principle
2.5.2 System Equation
2.5.3 Feasibility Analysis of Time-Keeping via the Observation of One Pulsar
2.6 X-Ray Pulsar-Based Spacecraft Attitude Determination
2.6.1 Basic Principle
2.6.2 Means of Realizing Direction via the Observation of Pulsar
References
3 X-Ray Pulsar Signal Processing
3.1 X-Ray Pulsar Signal Model
3.2 Profile Recovery
3.2.1 Epoch Folding
3.2.2 Period Search
3.2.3 Enhancing the Signal to Noise Ratio of Profile
3.3 Pulse TOA Calculation for Stationary Case
3.3.1 Pulse TOA Calculation Methods
3.3.2 Performance Analysis
3.4 Pulse TOA Calculation for Dynamics Case
3.4.1 Improved Phase Propagation Model
3.4.2 Linearized Phase Propagation Model
3.4.3 Estimation of Phase and Doppler Frequency
3.4.4 Simulation Analysis
3.5 Data Processing of XPNAV-1 Data
3.5.1 Introduction of the Measured Data of XPNAV-1
3.5.2 Data Processing for the Measured Data
3.6 Summary
References
4 Errors Within the Time Transfer Model and Compensation Methods for Earth-Orbing Spacecraft
4.1 Modeling of Error Sources Within Time Transfer Model
4.1.1 Position Error of Central Gravitational Body
4.1.2 Position Error of the Sun
4.1.3 Position Error of Other Celestial Bodies
4.1.4 Angular Position Error of Pulsar
4.1.5 Distance Error of Pulsar
4.1.6 Error Within Proper Motion Velocity of Pulsar
4.1.7 Error Within Spacecraft-Borne Atomic Clock
4.2 Impact of Error Sources
4.2.1 Impact of Error Sources on Time Transfer Model
4.2.2 Impact of Error Source on Template
4.2.3 Impact of Error Source on Positioning Performance
4.3 Analysis of Propagation Property of Major Error Sources
4.3.1 Propagation Property of Planet Ephemeris Error
4.3.2 Propagation Property of Pulsar Angular Position Error
4.3.3 Propagation Property of Pulsar Distance Error
4.3.4 Propagation Property of Clock Error of Spacecraft-Borne Atomic Clock
4.4 Systematic Biases Compensation Method Based on Augmented State
4.4.1 Navigation System
4.4.2 Observability Analysis
4.4.3 Simulation Analysis
4.5 Systematic Biases Compensation Method Based on Time-Differenced Measurement
4.5.1 Time-Differenced Measurement Model
4.5.2 Observability Analysis
4.5.3 Modified Unscented Kalman Filter
4.5.4 Simulation Analysis
4.6 Summary
References
5 X-Ray Pulsar/Multiple Measurement Information Fused Navigation
5.1 XNAV/CNS Integrated Navigation Framework
5.1.1 Traditional Celestial Measurement Model
5.1.2 Information Fusion Method
5.1.3 Error Compensation Method Based on Error Separation Principle
5.1.4 Simulation Analysis
5.2 XNAV/INS Integrated Navigation Framework
5.2.1 Composition of XNAV/INS Integrated Navigation System
5.2.2 Dynamic Model
5.2.3 Observation Model
5.2.4 Simulation Analysis
5.3 Summary
References
6 Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation Using the X-Ray Pulsar Time Difference of Arrival
6.1 Shortcomings of Autonomous Navigation Using Inter-satellite Link
6.1.1 Inter-satellite Link Ranging Measurement
6.1.2 Mathematical Analysis for Orbit Determination Using Inter-satellite Link Ranging
6.2 System Observation Model and Observability Analysis
6.2.1 Measurement Model for Multiple Spacecraft Observing One Pulsar
6.2.2 Ranging Measurement Using Inter-satellite Link
6.2.3 Observability Analysis
6.3 Satellite Constellation Autonomous Navigation Using TDOA of Pulsar
6.3.1 Scheme Design
6.3.2 Simulation Analysis
6.4 Spacecraft Autonomous Navigation Network
6.4.1 Framework of IoS
6.4.2 A Detailed Design for IoS that Support the Flight from the Earth to Mars
6.4.3 Simulation Analysis
6.5 Summary
References
7 Ground-Based Simulation and Verification System for X-Ray Pulsar-Based Navigation
7.1 Overall Design
7.1.1 Module Design
7.1.2 Physics Configuration
7.2 All-Digital Simulation and Verification Mode
7.2.1 A Design Framework of the Pulsar Signal Processing Software System
7.2.2 System Composition
7.2.3 Simulation Example
7.3 Semi-physical Simulation and Verification Mode
7.3.1 Components of Semi-physical Simulation System
7.3.2 Dynamic Signal Simulation Experiment
7.3.3 Energy Spectrum Experiment
7.3.4 X-Ray Detector Test
7.4 Summary
References