X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study o
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Mekki, A. ;Khattak, G. D.
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Article
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2010
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John Wiley and Sons
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English
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## Abstract Sodium germanate glasses containing copper oxide with the nominal composition (0.70โโโ__x__) GeO~2~๏ฃฟ0.30Na~2~O๏ฃฟ__x__CuO, (__x__ in the range 0โ0.15โmol%), were prepared and their structure as well as the valence state of the copper ions have been investigated by Xโray photoelectron spec