Bridging the gap between the laboratory and the bedside, this timely volume illuminates the connection between endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. This comprehensive survey of atherosclerotic disease begins with biology β incorporating the latest breakthroughs in the field β then elucidate
Vasoplegic Endothelial Dysfunction: Circulatory Shock and Methylene Blue
β Scribed by Paulo Roberto Barbosa Evora, Andrea Carla Celotto, Agnes Afrodite Sumarelli Albuquerque, Patricia Martinez Γvora.
- Publisher
- Springer
- Year
- 2021
- Tongue
- English
- Leaves
- 153
- Edition
- 1
- Category
- Library
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
β¦ Synopsis
This unique work presents one of the most significant organ failure condition β cardiocirculatory shock β and the prominent role of Methylene Blue (MB). Through their extensive experience, the authorsβ consider that the lifesaving feature of MB is still underestimated. For this reason they outline key concepts of MB, mentioning essential experimental data, yet focusing mainly on its application in the care of critically ill patients.
In an easy-to-read format, the 18 chapters were organized in a didactically structured order, distributed in four parts. The first part introduces the general conceptual aspects and physiology of the endothelium. The second part presents the particularities of endothelial dysfunction in different types of shock. Methylene blue is discussed in detail in the third part. In the fourth part, particular situations of endothelial dysfunction, such as heart surgery and organ transplantation, are described. Additionally, the two complementary subjects of acid-base balance and the therapeutic use of inhaled nitric oxide are mentioned.
Finally, looking for therapeutic alternatives for what we classify as "vasoplegic endothelial dysfunction", MB remains promising as an adjuvant to sympathomimetic amines. The combination of three recently proposed concepts may be useful in obtaining better results against the high mortality rates in critically ill patients. These three concepts are "wide-spectrum vasopressors", vasopressor economy strategies, and microcirculation protection against the harmful effects of using high concentrations of amines.
This bookΒ΄s translational approach will appeal to a variety of readers within the health specialties of medicine, biomedicine, physiotherapy, nursing, odontology, and basic science.
β¦ Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
References
Acknowledgments
Contents
Part I: General Conceptual Aspects
Chapter 1: Introduction
Proposal for?Classification of?Endothelial Dysfunction
References
Chapter 2: Physiology of?the?Endothelium
Nitric Oxide Release Pathway
EDRF/NO
Agonists of?the?Nitric Oxide Release Pathway
Nitric Oxide Blockers
Contractile Factors Derived from?the?Endothelium
Glycocalyx
Concluding Remarks
References
Part II: Particularities of Endothelial Dysfunction in Different Types of Shock
Chapter 3: Circulatory Shock: A?Conceptual and?Practical Approach
The Best Definition of?Circulatory Shock
Cardiocirculatory Shock Classification
The Multisystem View and?the?Clinical Presentation of?the?Cardiocirculatory Shock
Multisystem Monitoring
Treatment of the?Cardiocirculatory Shock
Particularities of?the?Treatment of?Hypovolemic Shock
Losses to?the?Third Space
Particularities of?Cardiogenic Shock Treatment
Particularities of?Distributive Shock Treatment
Multisystem Therapeutics
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 4: Circulatory Shock, Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), and?Multiple Organ Failure
Ischemia and?Reperfusion Injury
Ischemic Preconditioning
Remote Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and?Conditioning
Remote Postconditioning
Remote Preconditioning
Antioxidant Effect of?Methylene Blue on?Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 5: Endothelial Dysfunction in?Hemorrhagic Shock
New Roles of?Nitric Oxide in?Hemorrhagic Shock
The Role of?Peroxynitrite
Endothelial Dysfunction Associated with?the?Use of?Large Volumes of?Crystalloid Solutions
Vasoactive Properties of?Synthetic Plasma Substitutes
The Possible Role of?L-Arginine
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 6: Endothelial Dysfunction in?Cardiogenic Shock
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 7: Endothelial Dysfunction in?Distributive Shock
Inhibition of?Nitric Oxide Synthesis as?a?Therapeutic Proposal for?Vasoplegia Associated with?Shock
The Inhibition of?Guanylate Cyclase by Methylene Blue as?a?Therapeutic Proposal for?Vasoplegia Associated with?Shock
Vasopressin-Dependent Mechanisms
Therapeutic Principles for?the?Treatment of?Vasoplegic Endothelial Dysfunction Associated with?Cardiocirculatory Shock
Possible Paradigm Shift
Concluding Remarks
References
Part III: Methylene Blue
Chapter 8: Methylene Blue
Chemical Characteristic
Pharmacokinetics
Effect of?Methylene Blue on sGC and?NOS
Methylene Blue and?Coagulation
Administration and?Dose
Toxicity
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 9: The Inhibition of?Guanylate Cyclase by?Methylene Blue as?a?Therapeutic Proposal of?Vasoplegia Associated with?Cardiocirculatory Shock
Guanylate Cyclase
sGC Activation of?the?NO Pathway
cGMP and?Intracellular Signaling
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 10: Methylene Blue in?the?Treatment of?Anaphylaxis
Anaphylactic Shock and Nitric Oxide
Homeostatic Relationship Between Vasoactive Drugs and?Nitric Oxide
Treatment of?Anaphylaxis by Inhibition of?Nitric Oxide Synthesis
Treatment of?Anaphylaxis by the?Inhibition of?Guanylate Cyclase
Animal Studies
Clinical Experience
Methylene Blue
Conclusions
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 11: Methylene Blue in?Children and?Neonates
Evidence of?the?Role of?the?L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in?Neonatal Vascular Reactivity
Adult Methylene Blue Experience
Methylene Blue to?Treat Vasoplegic Dysfunction in?Children
Side Effects and?Security
Conclusion
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 12: Methylene Blue and?Burns
Systemic NO Production After Burn Injury
Nitric Oxide and?Vascular Permeability in?Burns
Resuscitation with?Methylene Blue and?Volume
Precautions for?the?Use of?Methylene Blue
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 13: Cardiac Arrest and?Neuroprotection by?Methylene Blue
Some Pathophysiology Data
Stocks of?Methylene Blue
Among Methylene Blue?s Actions, Three of?Them Deserve Attention for?Neuroprotection
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 14: Methylene Blue and?Endocarditis
Protocol Proposal
Concluding Remarks
References
Part IV: Endothelial Dysfunction in Specific Situations
Chapter 15: Vasoplegic Syndrome in?Heart Surgery
Pathophysiology
Systemic Inflammatory Reaction
Reactions Caused by Protamine
Clinical Aspects
Hemodynamic Aspects
Therapeutic Aspects
Other Possible Therapeutic Strategies
Conclusion
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 16: Vasoplegic Endothelial Dysfunction in?Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
The Monophosphatic Changes of?Cyclic Guanosine After Reperfusion Organ Transplantation
Ischemia-Reperfusion Syndrome (IRS)
Guanylate Cyclase Inhibition in?Vasoplegia After Orthotopic Hepatic Transplantation
Guanylate Cyclase Inhibition in?Hepatic Cirrhosis
Clinical Experience with?Methylene Blue in?Orthotopic Transplantation
Guanylate Cyclase Inhibition in?Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
Brief Notes on?Transplants from?Other Solid Organs
Kidney Transplant
Heart Transplant
Lung Transplant
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 17: Acid-Base Balance
Influence of?Alkalinization on?Vascular Reactivity
When the?Vessel Studied Was?the?Rat Aorta, Intracellular Alkalinization Promoted the?Same Sustained Contraction
Influence of?Chronic Metabolic Acidosis and?Vascular Reactivity
Acute Acidosis Compared to?Chronic Acidosis
Acidosis and?Inflammation
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 18: The Therapeutic Use of?Inhaled Nitric Oxide
Mechanisms of?Action
Technical and?Ethical Aspects
Critical Analysis
Possible Use of?Nitric Oxide as?a?Complimentary Therapeutic Measure in?Distributive Circulatory Shock
Concluding Remarks
References
Index
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