Trust Models for Next-Generation Blockchain Ecosystems (EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing)

✍ Scribed by Muhammad Habib ur Rehman (editor), Davor Svetinovic (editor), Khaled Salah (editor), Ernesto Damiani (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 289
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book discusses the trust models for next-generation Blockchain ecosystems. The book provides a comprehensive discussion on various trust factors involving security, anonymization, reputation, governance, economic models, and other relevant determinants. The book covers various topics in breadth and depth. In addition, it sets the foundation to involve the readers in understanding the core theories supplemented with technical and experimental discussion. The book starts by laying out the foundations of trust models in Blockchain ecosystems. The authors then provide a study of existing trust models Blockchain networks. They then provide identification of trust factors and discuss each trust factor. The book concludes with a future outlook of trust-enabling Blockchain ecosystems.

• Outlines the trust models for next-generation Blockchain ecosystems;
• Covers the trust issues in various Blockchain ecosystems running in public, private, consortium, and cloud environments;
• Features issues such has privacy, security, scalability, and requirements in Blockchain.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
Acronyms
1 Engineering Trust-Aware Decentralized Applications with Distributed Ledgers
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Basic Approach
1.2.1 Business Process Models
1.2.2 Modeling Trust in Collaborative Business Processes
1.2.3 Distributed Ledgers
1.3 Trust-Aware dApps by Design
1.4 Identifying Trust Issues
1.4.1 Trust Mining Stage 1: Uncertainty Identification
1.4.1.1 Activity-Related Uncertainty
1.4.1.2 Event-Related Uncertainty
1.4.1.3 Gateway-Related Uncertainty
1.4.1.4 Process Flow-Related Uncertainty
1.4.2 Trust Mining Stage 2: Process Dependency Analysis
1.4.3 Trust Mining Stage 3: Uncertainty Aggregation
1.4.4 Trust Mining Stage 4: Relevancy Analysis
1.5 Mitigating Trust Issues with Distributed Ledgers
1.5.1 Distributed Ledger as a Tamper-Proof Hashed Data Storage
1.5.2 Immutable Process Event Log
1.5.3 Smart Contract Business Process Engines
1.5.4 Smart Contract Activities
1.5.5 Decentralized Reputation Systems with Distributed Ledgers
1.6 Implementing Trust-Aware dApps
1.6.1 Finality
1.6.2 Governance
1.6.3 Privacy
1.7 Discussion and Visionary Outline
References
2 Perspectives on Auditing and Regulatory Compliance in Blockchain Transactions
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Information Auditing, Compliance, and Assurance
2.2.1 Blockchain Technology
2.2.2 Characteristics and Integration
2.2.2.1 Business Processes
2.2.2.2 Corporate Governance
2.2.2.3 Regulatory Compliance
2.2.3 Realization Prospects
2.3 Anticipated Challenges
2.3.1 Information Consistency
2.3.2 Network Complexity
2.3.3 Credential Management
2.3.4 Software Interoperability
2.3.5 Regulatory Oversight
2.3.6 Human Resources
2.4 Standards and Transformations
2.4.1 Standards and Legislative Requirements
2.4.1.1 Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX)
2.4.1.2 Control Objectives for Information Technology (COBIT)
2.4.1.3 ISO/IEC 27001
2.4.2 Perspectives on Blockchain Transformation
2.5 Conclusion
References
3 Exploratory RegTech: Sandboxes Supporting Trust by Balancing Regulation of Algorithms with Automationof Regulations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Democratic Deficit in Algorithmic Governance
3.3 Lithopy: Policy and Design Sandbox
3.4 How to Regulate a Biased Smart Contract?
3.5 Support and Rejection of Algorithmic Governance
3.6 Future of Algorithmic Governance
3.7 RegTech Preferences
3.8 Conclusion
References
4 Information Privacy in Decentralized Applications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Previous Work
4.3 Privacy-Preserving Techniques in Blockchain Applications
4.3.1 Privacy Techniques for Blockchain 1.0
4.3.2 Privacy Techniques for Blockchain 2.0
4.4 Applications
4.5 Taxonomy
4.5.1 Accessibility
4.5.2 Hierarchicality
4.5.3 Verifiability
4.6 Results
4.7 Discussion
4.8 Conclusion
References
5 An Empirical Investigation of Blockchain Scalability
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Blockchain Scalability
5.2.1 The Case for Scalable Blockchains
5.2.2 State of the Art Within Scalable Blockchains
5.3 Factors Affecting Blockchain Scalability
5.3.1 Dimensions of Blockchain Scalability
5.3.1.1 Horizontal Scalability
5.3.1.2 Vertical Scalability
5.3.2 Blockchain Scalability Approaches
5.3.2.1 On-Chain Solutions
5.3.2.2 Off-Chain Solutions
5.4 Use-Case for Empirical Investigation of Blockchain Scalability
5.4.1 System Model and Implementation
5.5 Evaluation and Analysis
5.5.1 Experimentation Scenario 1
5.5.1.1 Graphical Analysis
5.5.1.2 Scalability Test for Case 1
5.5.2 Case 2
5.5.2.1 Graphical Analysis
5.5.2.2 Scalability Test for Case 02
5.5.3 Comparative Analysis for Scalability Tests for Case 01 and 02
5.6 Summary and Open Challenges
5.6.1 Open Issues and Challenges
References
6 Interoperability Among Heterogeneous Blockchains: A Systematic Literature Review
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Literature Review
6.3 Methodology
6.3.1 Research Questions
6.3.2 Search Strategy
6.3.3 Study Selection
6.3.4 Quality Assessment Rules (QARs)
6.3.5 Data Extraction Strategy
6.3.6 Synthesis of Extracted Data
6.4 Results and Analysis
6.4.1 Design and Implementation Methods
6.4.1.1 Scientific Papers
6.4.1.2 Projects
6.4.2 Strengths and Limitations
6.4.2.1 Scientific Papers
6.4.2.2 Projects
6.4.3 Performance and Evaluation Metrics
6.4.3.1 Scientific Papers
6.4.3.2 Projects
6.4.4 Application and Context of Usage of Inter-blockchain
6.4.4.1 Scientific Papers
6.4.4.2 Projects
6.4.5 Future Direction of Inter-blockchain
6.4.5.1 Scientific Papers
6.4.5.2 Projects
6.5 Limitation of This Review
6.6 Conclusion
Appendix
References
7 Blockchain-based Incident Reporting System for Patient Safety and Quality in Healthcare
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Related Work
7.2.1 Incident Reporting System (IRS)
7.2.2 Blockchain Technology and Potential Benefits
7.3 Proposed Blockchain-based Solution
7.3.1 System Overview
7.3.2 Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities
7.4 Implementation
7.4.1 System Architecture
7.4.2 Entity-Relationship Diagram
7.4.3 Message Sequence Diagram
7.4.4 Implementation Framework
7.5 Discussion
7.5.1 Cost Analysis
7.5.2 Security Analysis
7.5.3 Challenges
7.6 Conclusion
References
8 Implementation of Hyperledger-Based Secure Firmware Update Delivery for IoT Devices
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Motivation and Significance
8.2 Preliminaries
8.2.1 Distributed Ledger
8.2.2 Blockchain Types
8.2.3 Hyperledger Project
8.3 Literature Review
8.4 Methodology and System Architecture
8.4.1 Problem Investigation
8.4.2 Treatment Design
8.4.2.1 Proposed Design Objectives
8.4.2.2 Proposed Methodology
8.4.2.3 Proposed Design Procedure
8.4.3 Treatment Validation
8.4.4 Treatment Implementation
8.4.4.1 Hardware Setup
8.4.4.2 Software Setup
8.4.4.3 Hyperledger Fabric Development Environment Setup
8.4.4.4 Composer Playground Testing
8.4.4.5 Business Network Application Development and Administration
8.4.4.6 REST Server Setup
8.4.4.7 Developing GUI in Angular Application
8.5 Experimental Results
8.5.1 System Evaluation
8.5.2 Security and Performance Analysis
8.6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
9 Blockchain Security Framework for Government Private Blockchain Consortium
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Blockchain Technology Background
9.3 Blockchain Security Threat Modeling
9.3.1 Spoofing
9.3.2 Tampering
9.3.3 Repudiation
9.3.4 Information Disclosure
9.3.5 Denial of Service
9.3.6 Elevation of Privilege
9.4 Blockchain Security Control Framework
9.4.1 C1.0 Blockchain Security Management and Governance
9.4.2 C2.0 Blockchain Security Risk Management
9.4.3 C3.0 Blockchain Assets Management
9.4.4 C4.0 Business Continuity Planning
9.4.5 C5.0 Blockchain Security Incident Management
9.4.6 C6.0 Access Control
9.4.7 C7.0 Blockchain Network Security
9.4.8 C8.0 Blockchain Smart Contract and Consensus Security
9.4.9 C9.0 Blockchain Cryptography Controls
9.4.10 C10.0 Blockchain Operations Security
9.4.11 C11.0 Blockchain Systems Security
9.5 Validation of the Blockchain Security Control Framework
9.6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
10 Toward Inter-Blockchain Communication Between Hyperledger Fabric Platforms
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Background
10.2.1 Blockchain Technology
10.2.2 Smart Contract
10.2.3 Hyperledger Fabric
10.3 Methodology
10.3.1 Solution Design
10.3.1.1 Interaction Between Two Applications/Smart Contracts in the Same Channel and Network
10.3.1.2 Interaction Between Two Applications/Smart Contracts in Different Channels but the Same Network
10.3.1.3 Interaction Between Two Applications/Smart Contracts in Different Networks
10.3.2 Inter-Blockchain Communication Solution
10.3.2.1 Node-RED Sender Flow
10.3.2.2 Node-RED Receiver Flow
10.4 Implementation
10.4.1 Fabric Network Deployment
10.4.2 Blockchain Application
10.4.3 Solution Deployment
10.4.3.1 Sender Flow
10.4.3.2 Receiver Flow
10.5 Performance Evaluation
10.5.1 Average Execution Time
10.5.1.1 Average Execution Time for Read Requests
10.5.1.2 Average Execution Time for Write Requests
10.5.2 Average Latency
10.5.2.1 Average Latency for Read Requests
10.5.2.2 Average Latency for Write Requests
10.5.3 Average Throughput
10.5.3.1 Average Throughput for Read Requests
10.5.3.2 Average Throughput for Write Requests
10.5.4 Results and Discussion
10.6 Related Work
10.7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Index