✦ LIBER ✦

To fear or not to fear: what was the question? A potential role for Ras-GRF in memory

✍ Scribed by Steven Finkbeiner; Matthew B. Dalva

Book ID: 101304726
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 1998
Tongue: English
Weight: 120 KB
Volume: 20
Category: Article
ISSN: 0265-9247
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199809)20:9<691::aid-bies1>3.0.co;2-k

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✦ Synopsis

Learning, making memories, and forgetting are thought to require changes in the strengths of connections between neurons. Such changes in synaptic strength occur in two phases: an early phase that is likely mediated by covalent modifications to existing proteins, and a delayed phase that depends on new gene expression and protein synthesis. However, the biochemical mechanisms by which neuronal activity leads to changes in synaptic strength are poorly understood. Recently, it has been shown that animals that lack Ras guanine nucleotide releasing factor (Ras-GRF), a Ca 2ϩ -dependent activator of the small GTPbinding protein, Ras, do not learn fear responses normally, although other types of learning appear normal. These animals show defects in the delayed phase of memory formation within the neuronal circuit that mediates fear conditioning. This paper suggests that Ras-GRF couples synaptic activity to the molecular mechanisms that consolidate changes in synaptic strength within specific neuronal circuits. (1-3)

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📂 Article 📅 1861 🏛 University of Northern Iowa 🌐 English ⚖ 358 KB

Bio-Assays for Oxidative Stress Status |

Bio-Assays for Oxidative Stress Status || IN VIVO TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT ANALYTICAL METHODS11Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable.Address correspondence to: R. L. Prior, Ph.D., USDA, ARS, HNRCA, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA 02111, USA; Tel: (617) 556–3311; Fax: (617) 556-3222; E-Mail: [email protected]. Ronald Prior is a Nutritionist and Laboratory Chief of the Phytochemical Laboratory at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA. Dr. Prior received his B.S. degree with honors from the University of Nebraska and he received his Ph.D. in Nutrition and Biochemistry from Cornell University in 1972. Dr. Prior has worked with the USDA for more than 20 years.During the past 12 years at the HNRCA, he has been Scientific Program Officer and has directed research activities dealing with the role of flavonoid and other phenolic food components on antioxidant status, their metabolism, and relationships to diseases of aging.Guohua Cao, M.D., Ph.D., is currently a Scientist II at HNRCA. Dr. Cao studied medicine in Nantong Medical College in 1979 and at Nanjing Medical University in 1984. He obtained his Ph.D. in nutritional biochemistry from Beijing Medical University in 1990. Dr. Cao came to the United States in 1991 and worked at NIH where he was instrumental in developing the ORAC method.

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This work contains over thirty chapters by leading researchers in the field of oxidative biology, originally presented as articles in an extended Forum in the highly-cited journal, *Free Radical Biology & Medicine*. The papers in this Forum (or Symposium-in-print) spanned seven issues of the journal