The hydrocarbon met a bol izi ng A cinetobacter calcoaceticus sp. 2CA2 reduces the surface tension of the culture broth during growth on liquid hydrocarbons. This activity, which is not evident during growth on soluble substrates, is associated with the whole cells. Removing the cells from the culture broth increases the surface tension of the liquid phase. The cells when resuspended in water result in a dramatic lowering of the surface tension. Acinetobacter sp. 2CA2 tends to partition between the two liquid phases during growth on hydrocarbons. Both the hydrocarbon bound and nonadhering cells are equally surface active. The whole cells are also able to form and stabilize kerosene-water emulsions. This ability is not related to the lowering of the liquid surface or interfacial tension, since both surface active and nonsurface active cells demonstrated the same emulsifying properties. An extracellular Iipopeptide produced during growth on hydrocarbons is not surface active but effectively forms and stabilizes kerosene-water emulsions. The cells and extracellular lipopeptide are also effective in de-emulsifying surfactant stabilized test emulsions. The lipopeptide product reduced the half-life of a Tween-Span (TS) stabilized kerosene-water emulsion from 650 to 0.4 h at product concentrations of less than 1 O/ O (wlv).