Cigarette smoking in Parkinson's disease
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Guido Alves; Martin Kurz; Stein A. Lie; Jan P. Larsen
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Article
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2004
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John Wiley and Sons
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English
⚖ 77 KB
## Abstract Previous studies have shown an inverse association between smoking and the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting that smoking may induce a biological protection against nigral neuronal damage. In 1993, we examined the frequency of cigarette smokers among 239 patients with P