The Principles of Learning and Behaviour

✍ Scribed by Michael Domjan

• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
• Year: 2014
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 450
• Edition: 7
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

From habituation, classical conditioning, and instrumental conditioning to stimulus control, aversive control, and their applications to the study of cognition, this learning and behavior textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to the elementary forms of learning that have been the focus of research for much of the 20th century. Applications boxes help you understand how findings from animal research relate to human learning and behavior, while neuroscience boxes offer you insights into the brain activity underlying learning.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
About the Authors
Ch 1: Background and Rationale for the Study of Learning and Behavior
Historical Antecedents
The Dawn of the Modern Era
The Definition of Learning
Methodological Aspects of the Study of Learning
Use of Nonhuman Animals in Research on Learning
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 2: Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization
The Nature of Elicited Behavior
Effects of Repeated Stimulation
The Dual-Process Theory of Habituation and Sensitization
Habituation and Sensitization of Emotions and Motivated Behavior
Concluding Comments
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 3: Classical Conditioning: Foundations
The Early Years of Classical Conditioning
Experimental Situations
Excitatory Pavlovian Conditioning Methods
Inhibitory Pavlovian Conditioning
Prevalence of Classical Conditioning
Concluding Comments
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 4: Classical Conditioning: Mechanisms
What Makes Effective Conditioned and Unconditioned Stimuli?
What Determines the Nature of the Conditioned Response?
How Do Conditioned and Unconditioned Stimuli Become Associated?
Concluding Comments
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 5: Instrumental Conditioning: Foundations
Early Investigations of Instrumental Conditioning
Modern Approaches to the Study of Instrumental Conditioning
Instrumental Conditioning Procedures
Fundamental Elements of Instrumental Conditioning
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 6: Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior
Simple Schedules of Intermittent Reinforcement
Choice Behavior: Concurrent Schedules
Complex Choice and Self-Control
Concluding Comments
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 7: Instrumental Conditioning: Motivational Mechanisms
The Associative Structure of Instrumental Conditioning
Response Allocation and Behavioral Economics
Concluding Comments
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 8: Stimulus Control of Behavior
Identification and Measurement of Stimulus Control
Stimulus and Reinforcement Variables
Learning Factors in Stimulus Control
Contextual Cues and Conditional Relations
Concluding Comments
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 9: Extinction of Conditioned Behavior
Effects of Extinction Procedures
Forms of Recovery from Extinction
Enhancing Extinction
What is Learned in Extinction?
Paradoxical Reward Effects
Resistance to Change and Behavioral Momentum
Concluding Comments
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 10: Aversive Control: Avoidance and Punishment
Avoidance Behavior
Punishment
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 11: Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms
Comparative Cognition, Consciousness, and Anthropomorphism
Memory: Basic Concepts
Working and Reference Memory
Memory Mechanisms
Forgetting and Sources of Memory Failure
Consolidation, Reconsolidation, and Memory Updating
Concluding Comments
Sample Questions
Key Terms
Ch 12: Comparative Cognition II: Special Topics
Food Caching and Recovery
Timing
Serial Order Learning
Categorization and Concept Learning
Tool Use in Nonhuman Animals
Language Learning in Nonhuman Animals
Sample Questions
Key Terms
References
Name Index
Subject Index

✦ Subjects

psychology, developmental, learning, textbook