The calomel electrode—I. Evaluation of the standard potential at 25° and the activity coefficients of hydrochloric acid solutions
✍ Scribed by A.K. Covington; J.V. Dobson; Lord Wynne-Jones
- Publisher
- Elsevier Science
- Year
- 1967
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 873 KB
- Volume
- 12
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0013-4686
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
New measurements have been made on the hydrogen~alomelcell at 25°C containing hydrochloric acid solutions of molality less than 0.1. Two desig,ns of calomel electrode compartment were used and a somewhat greater amount of calomel skin than that recommended by Hills and Ives,' but much less than that used for the classical form of electrode, was employed with advantage. Parallel measurements have been made on the hydrogen-silver/silver-chloride cell. Recalculation and a statistical comparison of all recently published data. on both cells have been carried out.
The analysis reveals small but statistically significa,nt differences between activity-coefficient values derived from the so-called "first-day calomel electrode" of Hills and Ives and the later "secondday electrode", which is in equilibrium with mercuric species in solution. The difference between the two calomel electrodes is not therefore just one of standard potential. The data on the silver/ silver-chloride cells yield a set of activity-coefficient values intermediate between those from the "two" calomel electrodes but in closer agreement with Hills and Ives' first-day values if the results for molalities are less than O-01, where other effects may be operative, are excluded.
Best results are presented for the activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid at 25°C.
Zusammenfassung-Es wurden neue Messungen an der Wasserstoff/Kalomel-Zelle in HCl-Losungen der Konzentrationen <O,l M bei 25°C durchgeftihrt. Man verwendete zwei verschiedene Ausfihrungen der Kalomel-Halbzelle und gebrauchte mit gutem Erfolg eine etwas grijssere Menge Kalomel als von Hills und Ives empfohlen, jedoch bedeutend weniger als bei der klassischen Form der Elektrode verwendet wird. Gleichlaufende Messungen wurden mit der Wasserstoff//Silber/Silberchlorid-Zelle durchgeftihrt.
Die neueren publizierten Daten von beiden Zellen wurden nochmals berechnet und statistisch ausgewertet.
Die Analyse ergibt kleine, jedoch statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Werten der Aktivitltskoeffizienten, welche auf Grund der sogenannten "Ersttags-Kalomel-Elektroden" von Hills und Ives berechnet wurden, gegeniiber denjenigen der "Zweittags-Kalomel-Elektroden", bei welcher sich das Quecksilbergleichgewicht in der Losung eingestellt hat. Der Unterschied zwischen den zwei Kalomel-Elektroden kann deshalb nicht nur auf einen Unterschied in den Standard
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