or make the results difficult to generalize. Also, most articles use of computer and related technologies to facilitate or improve management. In fact, there is broad coverage of the practical conclude with calls for further research. Nevertheless, the reader deserves better than the conclusion of article 19, which begins: problems of providing library services, with little attention to information services that are not library services. The profes-''At the time of this writing, the offline processing of the fatigue and vehicle data to enable net generation had yet to be com-sional literature of librarianship is very extensively cited. We should be grateful to the authors for hard work and careful pleted. However, once this has taken place, a further session of field trials is required to assess the accuracy of the net's pre-presentation. The definition of ''Shelf bias,'' erroneously given as ''the proportion of material absent from the shelves'' (p. dictive output. . . .'' The collection as a whole would be stronger if there had been a higher criterion for inclusion.
59), should be ''the proportion of popular material absent from the shelves,'' but otherwise the writing seems clear and compe-The collection tends to focus on in-vehicle route guidance and navigation, which many authors see as ''the most salient tent. Some really important aspects of the stated scope of the products emerging from technological developments within the domain of intelligent transport systems (ITS)'' (p. 287). In book, for example, licensing agreements, were excluded, partly on the grounds that the authors were unfamiliar with the topics. fact, some authors use ATIS (Advanced Traveler Information Systems) as a synonym for route guidance and navigation sys-Should we regard this as prudence or laziness?
The text has the form and feel of a literature review, of a tems. This is a particularly ''Detroit'' view of the world. Dynamic ridesharing systems are a prime example of information-selective, selectively annotated bibliography smoothed into a continuous text. Over 500 references are cited. Overwhelm-based ITS that have no route guidance component. These systems address congestion problems by making it possible for ingly, the authors draw on the mainstream, respectable professional literature of librarianship, on the more-or-less refereed travelers to form one-time carpools on demand. It is important that ITS researchers, particularly those in the area of human journals and conference proceedings. Nearly half were published in 1994 through 1996, and most of the rest are from 1989 factors, not think that transportation consists solely of single drivers in high-tech vehicles trying to beat the traffic.
through 1993, with the publications of the authors' own campus well represented. There is little reference to anything relevant There are other problems sprinkled throughout the collection. Some of the work is dated, even using the outmoded term to the management of technology that was published outside the mainstream library literature. ''Whenever possible, we have IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems) instead of ITS. Most authors are far more familiar with human factors research included references to sources of further information'' (p. vi), but other literature reviews are surprisingly neglected. Library than they are with the vast amount of applied ITS research and development that has been supported by government and Trends, edited by Professor Lancaster, does get several referindustry. Some of the titles overstate the actual subject matter ences, but there are very few to such valuable resources such (e.g., ''Navigational Preference and Driver Acceptance of Adas Advances in Librarianship and the Annual Review of Inforvanced Traveler Information Systems,'' which only compares mation Science and Technology. Of the rich universe of doctoral text, map, and turn-by-turn directions). Some of the terminoldissertations, just four are cited, all from Champaign-Urbana, ogy is not politically correct (e.g., MMI for HMI).
none from anywhere else. In the end, however, the value of this collection is more What can be said of the authors' choice of sources? For any than the individual articles comprising it. More importantly, the such book, each reader is likely to find one or two favorite collection leaves the reader with a general understanding of the sources not cited, but does the choice as a whole represent the importance of user-centered design. For this alone, it is a work best? The sources cited were compared with two other recent that needs to be read by the ITS community, which tends to publications with seemingly overlapping scope. These other two be driven by technological development rather than by human publications are not directly and narrowly focused on the manperceptions and needs. Even if user-centered design is a difficult agement of technology, but neither is the book under review. idea to realize, and even if this work could have gone further
The Annual Review of Information Science and Technology toward solving some of its key questions, nevertheless it is the chapter on ''Social Informatics of Digital Library Use and Infraonly way that ITS deployment grounded in commercial demand structure'' by Bishop and Star (1996) contains some 320 refercan be achieved.
ences, but only a dozen of them are among the more than 500 cited in the book. Davies' ''Organizational Influences on the University Electronic Library'' (1997) cites 72 sources, but, again, only about 4% of them are also in this book. (The overlap Mark P. Haselkorn between Davies, and Bishop and Star, is somewhat greater: Box 352195
Around 15% of Davies' citations are also in Bishop and Star.
College of Engineering
Only two items are in all three.) Some of the difference can be University of Washington explained by differences in topical focus and some by alterna-Seattle, WA 98195 tive choices in citing different publications with similar content