✦ LIBER ✦

Synthesis of ethylene carbonate from urea and ethylene glycol over zinc/iron oxide catalyst

✍ Scribed by Xinqiang Zhao; Hualiang An; Shufang Wang; Fang Li; Yanji Wang

Publisher: Wiley (John Wiley & Sons)
Year: 2008
Tongue: English
Weight: 419 KB
Volume: 83
Category: Article
ISSN: 0268-2575
DOI: 10.1002/jctb.1872

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✦ Synopsis

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ethylene carbonate (EC) was synthesised via urea and ethylene glycol (EG) over zinc/iron oxide catalyst. By so doing, the by‐product, EG, generated in the process of producing dimethyl carbonate by the transesterification route was converted back to the raw material, EC. The reaction mechanism of EC synthesis was also investigated by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and in situ Fourier transform infrared/attenuated total reflection spectroscopy.

RESULTS: Suitable conditions for the preparation of zinc/iron oxide catalyst were as follows: zinc acetate and iron nitrate as precursors, Zn/Fe molar ratio 8:1, calcination temperature 350 °C and calcination time 4 h. Characterisation by X‐ray diffraction revealed two different crystal phases: ZnO and ZnFe~2~O~4~. The highest yield of EC (66.1%) was obtained under the following conditions: reaction temperature 150 °C, reaction time 2.5 h, catalyst weight percentage 1.5% and urea/EG molar ratio 1:8. The study of the reaction mechanism revealed that the reaction for the synthesis of EC proceeded in two steps.

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