Synaptic Tagging and Capture: From Synapses to Behavior

✍ Scribed by Sreedharan Sajikumar (editor), Ted Abel (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 507
• Edition: 2
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This reference presents a detailed exploration of the synaptic tagging and capture model, which has been proposed to provide a conceptual basis for how short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories. The first edition of Synaptic Tagging and Capture served as a comprehensive introduction and overview of the field and covered the topics from molecular and cellular aspects to behavior. This second edition reflects the overwhelming amount of research on the topic in the past five years. Notably, it provides greater insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms and behavioral aspects of tagging and capture, including reconsolidation, computational, and metaplastic models. Synaptic Tagging and Capture: From Synapses to Behavior, 2nd edition remains the definitive work in the field.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Synaptic Tagging and Capture: Functional Implications and Molecular Mechanisms
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Long-Term Potentiation and STC
1.3 Functional Implications
1.4 Mechanistic/Molecular Aspects
1.4.1 Synaptic Tags
1.4.2 CaMKII
1.4.3 Protein Kinase A
1.4.4 TrkB
1.4.5 Plasticity-Related Proteins (PRPs)
1.4.6 BDNF
1.4.7 PKMζ
1.4.8 Arc
1.4.9 Homer1a
1.5 Outstanding Issues
1.5.1 Automaticity of Memory Encoding
1.5.2 Computational Models
1.5.3 Synaptic Plasticity Crosstalk
1.5.4 Synaptic Compartmentalization
1.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Role of Calcium-Permeable AMPARs in Synaptic Tagging and Capture in the Rodent Hippocampus
2.1 Introduction
2.2 CP-AMPARs and LTP
2.2.1 Background
2.2.2 CP-AMPARs Are Specifically Involved in LTP2
2.2.3 CP-AMPARs Trigger Heterosynaptic LTP
2.2.4 Pausing Test-Pulse Stimulation Inhibits LTP2 But Not LTP1
2.2.5 LTP: Concluding Remarks
2.3 CP-AMPARs and STC
2.3.1 STC: The Importance of Timing
2.3.2 Role of PS in STC
2.3.3 Role of CP-AMPARs in STC
2.4 STC – A Potential Mechanism
2.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 3: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Synaptic Tagging and Consolidation
3.1 Introduction: Memory, LTP, and the Tag
3.2 Synaptic Tag and Trafficking of Synaptic Proteins
3.3 Remodeled F-actin as a Candidate for Synaptic Tag
3.4 Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation and CaMKII as Candidate of Synaptic Tag
3.5 Role of the Captured Proteins in Synaptic Consolidation
3.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 4: Metaplasticity and Synaptic Tag and Capture: Differential Dynamics of Plasticity Regulation in the Hippocampus
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Synaptic Tag and Capture
4.2 An Alternative Heterosynaptic Interaction for Plasticity Regulation—The BCM Model
4.2.1 Intercellular Signaling
4.2.2 Heterosynaptic Metaplasticity, a Role for Astrocytes
4.2.3 Aberrant Metaplasticity
4.3 Outstanding Questions and Relation to Synaptic Tag and Capture
4.3.1 Which Priming Stimulation-Released Molecule Triggers the Metaplasticity Effect?
4.3.2 At What Point in the Experimental Paradigm Is Astrocyte Activation Needed?
4.3.3 What Is the Final Signal Back to Neurons That Regulate LTP and LTD?
4.3.4 How Widespread Is the Effect?
4.3.5 Anti-STC Nature of the Metaplasticity Effect
4.3.6 Behavioral Relevance of Heterosynaptic Metaplasticity
References
Chapter 5: Activity-Dependent Protein Transport as a Synaptic Tag
5.1 Relevance of Synaptic Tagging in Late Plasticity
5.1.1 Synaptic Tagging as an Input-Specificity Mechanism of Late Plasticity
5.1.2 Two Possibilities of Synaptic Tagging Action
5.2 Strategy to Reach the Cell Biological Activity of Synaptic Tagging
5.2.1 Advantage and Limitations of Two-Pathway Protocol
5.2.2 Controlled Transport Across Dendrite–Spine Boundary
5.2.3 Critical Assumptions of Our Hypothesis
5.2.4 Use of Vesl-1S for the Tracer PRP
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Activity-Dependent Regulation of Spine Translocation of Vesl-1S/Homer-1a Protein as a Synaptic Tagging
5.3.2 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying VE Protein Transport to Spine
5.4 Perspectives
5.4.1 Multiple Mechanisms for Synaptic Tagging
5.4.2 Molecular Events Involved in Late Expression
5.4.3 Local Synthesis
5.4.4 Synaptic Tagging as a Cellular Mechanism of Memory Association
References
Chapter 6: PKA Anchoring and Synaptic Tagging and Capture
6.1 Introduction
6.2 PKA as a Key Mediator of Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Formation
6.3 PKA Signaling as a Strong Candidate Tagging Mechanism in Synaptic Tagging and Capture
6.4 Other Potential Tagging Mechanisms Possibly Mediated by PKA
6.5 Plasticity-Related Products
6.6 Spatially Compartmentalized PKA Signaling in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Formation
6.7 Examples of AKAPs Modulating Neuronal Function
6.8 Evidence of Presynaptically Compartmentalized PKA Signaling in Synaptic Tagging and Capture
6.9 PKA-Centric Unified Model of Synaptic Tagging and Capture
6.10 Future Directions
References
Chapter 7: Compartmentalization of Synaptic Tagging and Capture
7.1 Why Compartmentalization?
7.2 STC and Compartmentalization
7.3 Making a Compartment
7.4 Consolidating a Compartment
7.5 Functional Compartmentalization
7.6 Compartmental Computation
7.7 Compartmental Encoding
7.8 Experience-Dependent Compartmentalization
7.9 Multiple Levels of Integration of Information
References
Chapter 8: Synaptic Cooperation and Competition: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Synaptic Cooperation and Competition in a Developing Nervous System
8.3 Synaptic Cooperation and Competition During LTP
8.4 Synaptic Cooperation and Competition During LTP Maintenance
8.5 Synaptic Cooperation in the Lateral Nucleus of the Amygdala: Link to Behavior?
8.6 Conclusion Remarks
References
Chapter 9: Kallikrein 8-Dependent and Independent Synaptic Tagging and Modulation of Long-Term Potentiation: A Quest for the Associated Signaling Pathway(s)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 E-LTP-Related Signaling Molecules That Are Modulated by Weak Stimulation
9.3 Extracellular Protease KLK8 Contributes to E-LTP
9.4 KLK8-Dependent and Independent Synaptic Tagging
9.5 KLK8-Dependent and Independent Behavioral Tagging
9.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 10: Neurotrophins and Their Receptors Mediate Processes of Metaplasticity and Long-Term Memory Formation
10.1 Neurotrophins and Their Receptors
10.2 BDNF: Gatekeeper and Mediator of Synaptic Plasticity
10.3 BDNF as Plasticity-Related Protein
10.4 How BDNF Mediates (or Supports) Synaptic Plasticity?
10.5 Homeostasis and Metaplasticity
References
Chapter 11: Synaptic Tagging and Metaplasticity as Mediators of Neuronal Consciousness
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Synaptic Tagging and Capture (STC)
11.3 Metaplasticity
11.4 Canonical Synaptic Tags: CaMKII
11.5 Priming Plasticity: CaMKII as a Metaplasticity Effector
11.6 PKA: Tagging Along
11.7 Setting up cAMP: PKA as a Metaplastic Molecule
11.8 PKMζ: Tagging Memory Maintenance
11.9 PKMζ as a Metaplasticity Molecule
11.10 Neuronal Consciousness Through “Primed” Synapses
11.11 Future Directions
References
Chapter 12: Exploring New Horizons: Synaptic Tagging and Capture Beyond Space and Time
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Different Synapses, Same Framework—Expanding STC Beyond the Schaffer Collaterals
12.2.1 Hippocampal CA2
12.2.2 Amygdala
12.3 Synaptic Tagging and Capture Beyond Encoding
12.4 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 13: From Where? Synaptic Tagging Allows the Nucleus Not to Care
13.1 Synapse to Nucleus Signaling—What Counts to the Nucleus?
13.2 Activity-Dependent Transport of mRNAs to the Synapse—What’s in a Tag?
13.2.1 Dendritic mRNA Transport and Its Role in Tagging
13.2.2 Functional Role of ARC in Inverse Synaptic Tagging
References
Chapter 14: Unlocking the Memory Vault: Dopamine, Novelty, and Memory Consolidation in the Hippocampus
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Novelty-Induced Memory Enhancement Depends on D1/D5 Receptors in the Hippocampus
14.3 Two Distinct Novelty Systems of Dopaminergic Memory Consolidation in the Hippocampus
14.4 Anatomical and Molecular Basis for D1/D5 Receptor-Mediated Signaling in the Hippocampus
14.5 Plasticity-Related Proteins and Distinct Novelty-Associated Memory Enhancement in the Hippocampus
14.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 15: Dopamine and Synaptic Tagging and Capture: A Neuromodulatory Interplay That Shapes Associative Plasticity
15.1 Dopamine and Memory
15.2 Sources of Dopamine in the Hippocampus
15.3 Dopamine Receptors and Hippocampus
15.4 Dopamine Receptors and Its Role in LTP
15.5 Dopamine and STC
15.6 Mechanisms of Dopamine-Induced LTP
15.7 Dopamine: Dose-Dependent Regulation of Synaptic Cooperation and Competition
15.8 Dopamine: Role in Behavioral Tagging
15.9 Neuromodulator Concentration and STC: A Computational Prediction
15.10 Dopamine and STC in Aging and Diseases
15.11 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 16: Astrocytes: The Rising Stars that Regulate Synaptic Plasticity and Long-Term Memory Formation
16.1 Introduction: Why Astrocytes?
16.2 Astrocyte Ca2+ Signaling Encodes Neuronal Information
16.3 Astrocytes Control over Long-Term Plasticity and Memory
16.4 How Astrocytes Contribute to Long-Term Plasticity and Memory?
16.4.1 Gliotransmission
16.4.2 BDNF Recycling
16.4.3 Metabolic Support
16.4.4 Structural Remodeling
16.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
References
Chapter 17: Synaptic Tagging in the ACC: Basic Mechanisms and Functional Implications
17.1 Introduction
17.2 ACC: Anatomy
17.3 ACC Synaptic Transmission
17.4 The Function of ACC: Pain (Acute vs. Chronic Pain)
17.5 ACC and Emotion: Fear, Anxiety, Sadness, and Pleasure
17.5.1 Fear
17.5.2 Anxiety
17.5.3 Pleasure
17.5.4 Sadness
17.6 ACC Plasticity: LTPs and LTDs
17.6.1 LTPs: Pre-LTP and Post-LTP
17.7 LTPs: Early-Phase LTP and Late-Phase LTP
17.8 LTDs
17.8.1 NMDA-Dependent LTD
17.8.2 mGluR-Dependent LTD
17.9 ACC Plasticity After Peripheral Injury (Amputation)
17.10 ACC and Synaptic Tagging and Capture
17.11 STC After Peripheral Injury
17.12 STC in Aging
17.13 Possible Diffusible Messengers in STC
17.14 STCs and ACC Network: Functional Implications
17.15 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Chapter 18: Emotional Tagging and Long-Term Memory Formation
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Emotional Modulation of Memory
18.2.1 The Amygdala: Structure and Function
18.2.1.1 The Amygdala’s Role as a Modulator of Memory Consolidation in Other Brain Areas
18.2.1.2 Emotional Modulation of LTP
18.3 Factors That Influence the Emotional Tagging Process
18.3.1 Nature of the Emotional/Stressful Event
18.3.1.1 Intensity: Low vs. High Stress
18.3.1.2 Controllability
18.3.2 Timing of the Emotional/Stressful Event
18.3.3 Differential Effects of Stress and Amygdala Activation on Different Regions of the Hippocampus
18.4 Summary
References
Chapter 19: The Behavioral Tagging Hypothesis: A Mechanistic Approach for the Storage of Lasting Memories
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Behavioral Tagging as a Model to Explain Long-Term Memory Formation and Persistence
19.2.1 Looking for a BT Process for Memory Formation Across Different Memory Types and Tasks
19.2.1.1 Inhibitory Avoidance (IA) Task
19.2.1.2 Contextual Fear Conditioning (CFC) Task
19.2.1.3 Spatial Object Recognition (SOR) Task
19.2.1.4 Other Spatial Memory Tasks
19.2.1.5 Conditioning Taste Aversion Task
19.2.1.6 Novel Object Recognition (NOR) Task
19.2.1.7 Learning and Memory Tasks in Human Being
19.2.1.8 BT Underlies Memory in Infant, Aging, and Disease Models of Rodents
19.2.2 Looking for a BT Process for Memory Persistence Across Different Memory Types and Tasks
19.3 Time-Related Requirements for BT Processes
19.4 Specific Novelties Are Required to Promote Different Memory Traces
19.5 Mechanisms Involved in Learning Tag Setting and PRP Synthesis
19.5.1 Involvement of Catecholaminergic Neurotransmission in Protein Synthesis
19.5.2 Involvement of Glutamate, Cholinergic, and Glucocorticoids Receptor Activation in BT Processes
19.5.3 Different Kinases Are Required to Set the Learning Tag
19.5.4 Synapse’s Morphology and BDNF-TrkB System as Tag Candidates
19.6 Memory Competence: Another Aspect of BT Process
19.7 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 20: Behavioral Tagging in the Developing Animal
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Behavioral Tagging in the Developing Animal
20.3 Potential Mechanisms Underlying Behavioral Tagging in the Developing Animal
20.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 21: Spatial Map: Through the Lens of Behavioral Tag and Capture
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Anatomy and Structures Involved in Spatial Memory
21.3 Spatial Representations: An Overview
21.4 Role of Non-spatial Cells in Spatial Memory
21.5 Network-Level Consequences to Molecular Changes in Spatial Cells
21.6 Role of Synaptic Tagging and Capture in Allocation of Spatial Memory
21.7 Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Formation of a Spatial Map
21.8 Dendritic Contribution to Plasticity Changes in Place Cells
21.9 Impairment of Spatial Memory in Disease/Disorders
References
Chapter 22: Behavioral Tagging: Unveiling the Intricacies of Memory Consolidation
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Models Used in the Study of Learning and Memory
22.2.1 Cellular Models to Study Long-Term Memory Formation
22.3 In Vivo Models to Study Long-Term Memory Formation
22.4 Behavioral Tagging
22.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
Chapter 23: Modeling Emergent Dynamics Arising from Synaptic Tagging and Capture at the Network Level
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Existing Computational Models
23.2.1 Models of STC Describing Single-Synapse Dynamics
23.2.2 Network Models with STC to Describe Synaptic Memory Consolidation
23.3 Recurrent Spiking Network Model: Simulation Methods
23.3.1 Model
23.3.2 Learning, Recall, and Priming Stimulation
23.3.3 Code and Reproduction
23.4 Synaptic Memory Consolidation Enabled by STC
23.5 Influence of STC on the Interaction Between Memories
23.6 Future Perspectives
23.6.1 Molecular Details of Late-Phase Plasticity
23.6.2 Compartmentalization of Protein Synthesis
23.6.3 Calcium and Neuromodulator Dependence of Early-Phase Plasticity
23.6.4 Model of Neurons and Synaptic Transmission
23.6.5 Attractor Dynamics and Switching Between Memories
23.7 Conclusion
References
Index