BOOK COVER......Page 1
TITLE......Page 5
COPYRIGHT......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 7
CONTENTS......Page 8
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS......Page 9
NOTATION......Page 11
1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 12
1.2.1 Four Categories of Factors......Page 13
1.2.2 Simplifications for Large Welded Steel Structures......Page 14
1.2.3 The Two Most Important Factors......Page 15
1.3 FATIGUE-RESISTANT DESIGN......Page 16
1.3.2 Fatigue-Resistant Detailing......Page 17
1.4 FRACTURE MECHANICS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING......Page 18
1.5.1 How to Account for a Crack......Page 19
1.5.2 Fatigue Crack Growth......Page 22
1.6 STRUCTURAL-ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS......Page 24
1.6.1 Fracture Mechanics Used as a Qualitative Design Tool......Page 26
1.6.2 Quantitative Design Using Fracture Mechanics......Page 27
REFERENCES......Page 30
NOTATION......Page 32
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 33
2.2 CYCLE COUNTING......Page 35
2.3 DAMAGE MODELS......Page 36
2.3.1 Linear Damage Models......Page 38
2.3.2 Non-linear Damage Models......Page 41
2.3.3 Interaction Models......Page 46
2.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DESIGN......Page 53
2.5 SUGGESTIONS FOR ADDITIONAL RESEARCH......Page 54
REFERENCES......Page 55
NOTATION......Page 58
3.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 59
3.2 BACKGROUND......Page 60
3.3 INFLUENCE OF RESIDAL STRESS......Page 61
3.4 VARIABLE-AMPLITUDE FATIGUE-LIFE PREDICTIONS......Page 65
3.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 71
REFERENCES......Page 72
NOTATION......Page 73
4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 75
4.2 THIN-WALLED PLATE GIRDER......Page 76
4.2.1 Bending......Page 77
4.2.2 Shear......Page 79
4.3 CONNECTIONS IN PLATE GIRDER HIGHWAY BRIDGES......Page 81
4.4.1 Straddle-type......Page 85
4.4.2 Suspended-type......Page 89
4.5.1 Welded Crane Runway Girders......Page 93
4.5.2 Apron Girders in Unloaders......Page 95
4.6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 96
REFERENCES......Page 97
NOTATION......Page 100
5.2.1 Specimens......Page 101
5.2.2 Materials......Page 103
5.3.1 Test Program......Page 104
5.3.2 Crack Initiation and Propagation......Page 105
5.3.3 Fatigue Test Data......Page 108
5.3.4 Comparison with Previous Work......Page 110
5.4 COVER PLATE DEVELOPMENT......Page 115
5.5 APPLICATION TO HIGHWAY BRIDGES......Page 116
5.6 CONCLUSIONS......Page 118
REFERENCES......Page 119
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 121
6.2.1 Joint Types and Geometric Notations......Page 124
6.2.2 Local Joint Behaviour......Page 127
6.3.1 General......Page 129
6.3.2 Applied Loads......Page 131
6.3.3.1 Hot-Spot Stress Concept as Determined by Experimental Models......Page 132
6.3.3.2 SCF Parametric Equations......Page 135
6.3.3.3 SCF Finite-Element Analysis......Page 144
6.3.4.1 General......Page 148
6.3.4.3 Failure Criteria......Page 149
6.3.4.4 Available Design SโN Curves......Page 150
6.3.5 New Fatigue Data......Page 152
6.3.6.2 Influence of Size......Page 153
6.3.6.3 Influence of Post-Weld Heat Treatment......Page 162
6.3.6.4 Influence of Environment......Page 163
6.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH......Page 165
6.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 166
REFERENCES......Page 167
NOTATION......Page 168
7.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 169
7.2 FATIGUE CRACKING OF WELDED BRIDGE DETAILS......Page 171
7.3.1 Structure Description and History of Cracking......Page 172
7.3.2 Stress History Measurements......Page 173
7.3.3 Fatigue-Crack Growth Analysis......Page 175
7.4.1 Structure Description and Inspection Results......Page 177
7.4.2 Field Measurements and Probable Causes of Failure......Page 179
7.4.3 Crack-Growth Analysis......Page 182
7.4.4 Retrofit Procedures......Page 183
7.5.1 Structure Description......Page 184
7.5.2 Inspection Results and Field Measurements......Page 185
7.5.3 Probable Causes of Failure and Retrofit Procedures......Page 186
REFERENCES......Page 190
8.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 192
8.2.1 Quasi-Static Tests of RโC Members......Page 196
8.2.2 Frame Subassemblies......Page 200
8.2.3 Other Tests......Page 201
8.2.4 Post-Earthquake Observations......Page 202
8.3.1 General......Page 205
8.3.2 Time History Analysis......Page 206
8.3.3 Modeling of Building Components for Cyclic Load Analysis......Page 207
8.3.4 Modeling of Damage......Page 211
8.4 DESIGN FOR LATERAL LOADS......Page 215
REFERENCES......Page 217
NOTATION......Page 220
9.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 221
9.2 BASIS OF THE ANALYTICAL METHOD......Page 222
9.3 METHOD OF ANALYSIS......Page 223
9.4 SOME ANALYTICAL RESULTS......Page 226
9.5 RELATED DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS......Page 228
9.6.1 Static Loading Case, Including Quasi-Wind Cyclic Loading......Page 229
9.6.2 Quasi-Seismic Loading Case......Page 234
9.7.1 General Requirements......Page 238
9.7.2 Cyclic Loading Behaviour of Common Structural Systems......Page 239
9.7.3 Previous Research......Page 241
9.7.4 Analytical Model for Cyclic Loading......Page 244
9.10 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 252
REFERENCES......Page 253
INDEX......Page 255