Soil strength and slope stability

✍ Scribed by Brandon, Thomas L.; Duncan, Duncan James Michael; Wright, Wright Stephen Gailord

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2014
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 333
• Edition: Second edition
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Foreword......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
Chapter 1 Introduction......Page 17
Summary......Page 19
2.2.1 The London Road and Highway 24 Landslides......Page 21
2.2.2 The Landslide at Tuve, Sweden......Page 23
2.2.4 Slope Failures in Highway, Dam, and Levee Embankments......Page 24
2.3 The Olmsted Landslide......Page 27
2.5 The Rio Mantaro Landslide......Page 28
2.7 Causes of Slope Failure......Page 29
2.7.1 Decrease in Shear Strength......Page 31
2.7.2 Increase in Shear Stress......Page 32
2.8 Summary......Page 33
3.1.1 Drained and Undrained Conditions......Page 35
3.2 Total and Effective Stresses......Page 36
3.3.1 Sources of Shear Strength......Page 37
3.3.2 Drained Strength......Page 38
3.3.5 Undrained Strength......Page 39
3.3.6 Strength Envelopes......Page 40
3.4 Basic Requirements for Slope Stability Analyses......Page 42
3.4.4 Short-Term Analyses......Page 43
3.4.5 Long-Term Analyses......Page 44
3.4.6 Progressive Failure......Page 45
4.2 End-of-Construction Stability......Page 47
4.4 Rapid (Sudden) Drawdown......Page 48
4.6 Partial Consolidation and Staged Construction......Page 49
4.8 Analysis Cases for Earth and Rockfill Dams......Page 50
5.2.1 Effects of Confining Pressure......Page 53
5.2.2 Effects of Density......Page 54
5.2.5 Triaxial Tests on Granular Materials......Page 55
5.2.7 Strength Correlations for Granular Materials......Page 57
5.2.8 Typical Values of Ф' for Sands, Gravels, and Rockfills......Page 66
5.3.3 Effects of Sample Disturbance......Page 68
5.3.8 Consolidated–Undrained Triaxial Tests on Low-Plasticity Silts......Page 70
5.3.12 Typical Values of Φ' for Silts......Page 72
5.4 Clays......Page 73
5.4.1 Factors Affecting Clay Strength......Page 74
5.4.2 Methods of Evaluating Undrained Strengths of Intact Clays......Page 76
5.4.3 Comparison of Laboratory and Field Methods for Undrained Strength Assessment......Page 86
5.4.4 Use of Correlations for Estimating Undrained Shear Strength......Page 87
5.4.5 Typical Peak Effective Stress Friction Angles for Intact Clays......Page 89
5.4.6 Stiff-Fissured Clays......Page 90
5.4.7 Compacted Clays......Page 92
5.5 Municipal Solid Waste......Page 94
6.1 Definition of the Factor of Safety......Page 97
6.3.1 Infinite Slope Procedure......Page 98
6.3.2 Logarithmic Spiral Procedure......Page 100
6.3.3 Swedish Circle (Φ=O) Method......Page 101
6.5 Procedures of Slices: Circular Slip Surfaces......Page 103
6.5.1 Ordinary Method of Slices......Page 104
6.5.2 Simplified Bishop Procedure......Page 106
6.5.3 Inclusion of Additional Known Forces......Page 107
6.5.4 Complete Bishop procedure......Page 109
6.6.1 Force Equilibrium (Only) Procedures......Page 110
6.6.2 Procedures That Satisfy All Conditions of Equilibrium......Page 117
6.8.1 Soil and Water Forces......Page 121
6.8.2 Soil–Water and Reinforcement Forces......Page 126
6.11 Finite Element Analysis of Slopes......Page 128
6.12.1 Factor of Safety for Load......Page 129
6.12.2 Factor of Safety for Moments......Page 130
6.13.1 Flow Net Solutions......Page 132
6.13.3 Interpolation Schemes......Page 133
6.13.4 Phreatic Surface......Page 135
6.13.6 Examples......Page 136
6.13.7 Summary......Page 139
7.1.1 Vertical Slope in Cohesive Soil......Page 141
7.2 Slope Stability Charts......Page 142
7.3 Spreadsheet Software......Page 144
7.4 Finite Element Analyses of Slope Stability......Page 145
7.5 Computer Programs for Limit Equilibrium Analyses......Page 146
7.5.2 Automatic Searches for Critical Slip Surface......Page 147
7.6 Verification of Results of Analyses......Page 148
7.7.1 Example 1: Unbraced Vertical Cut in Clay......Page 150
7.7.2 Example 2: Underwater Slope in Soft Clay......Page 153
7.7.3 Example 3: Excavated Slope in Stiff-Fissured Clay......Page 155
7.7.4 Example 4: Cohesionless Slope on Saturated Clay Foundation......Page 158
7.7.5 Example 5: Oroville Dam—Analysis with a Curved Strength Envelope......Page 160
7.7.7 Example 7: Homogeneous Earth Dam with Steady-State Seepage......Page 167
7.7.8 Example 8: Earth Dam with Thick Core—Steady-State Seepage......Page 171
8.2 Factors of Safety for Reinforcing Forces and Soil Strengths......Page 175
8.3 Types of Reinforcement......Page 176
8.4.1 Criterion 1: Creep, Installation Damage, and Deterioration in Properties over Time......Page 177
8.5 Allowable Reinforcement Forces and Factors of Safety......Page 178
8.6 Orientation of Reinforcement Forces......Page 179
8.8 Embankments on Weak Foundations......Page 180
9.2.1 Effective Stress Methods......Page 185
9.2.2 Total Stress Methods......Page 186
9.4 Shear-Induced Pore Pressure Changes......Page 193
10.1.2 Pseudostatic Analyses......Page 195
10.1.3 Sliding Block Analyses......Page 196
10.2 Pseudostatic Screening Analyses......Page 198
10.4.2 Earthquakes after the Slope Has Reached Consolidated Equilibrium......Page 200
10.4.3 Effects of Rapid Load Application......Page 201
10.5.3 Step 3. Compute Slope Stability......Page 204
11.1 Consolidation During Construction......Page 209
11.2.1 Effective Stress Approach......Page 210
11.3 Observed Behavior of an Embankment Constructed in Stages......Page 211
11.4.1 Difficulties in Estimating Pore Pressures......Page 213
11.4.3 Difficulties in Estimating Undrained Shear Strengths......Page 214
11.4.6 Need for Additional Case Histories......Page 215
12.1 Back-Calculating Average Shear Strength......Page 217
12.2 Back-Calculating Shear Strength Parameters Based on Slip Surface Geometry......Page 219
12.3.1 Example 1: Hypothetical Embankment on Saturated Clay Foundation......Page 221
12.3.3 Example 3: Victor Braunig Dam Embankment......Page 223
12.3.4 Example 4: High-PI Clay Embankment in Texas......Page 225
12.3.5 Example 5: Kettleman Hills Landfill Failure......Page 226
12.3.6 Example 6: Development of the Grading Plan for the Tangguh, Indonesia LNG Plant Site......Page 227
12.3.7 Summary......Page 228
12.4.2 Decreasing Strengths with Time......Page 229
12.5 Other Uncertainties......Page 230
13.1.1 Alternative Definitions of F......Page 231
13.2.2 Corps of Engineers’ Criteria for Factors of Safety......Page 232
13.4.1 Statistical Estimates......Page 233
13.4.3 The 3σ Rule......Page 234
13.4.5 The Graphical Nσ Rule......Page 235
13.5.1 The Taylor Series Method......Page 236
13.5.3 Reliability Index......Page 237
13.5.5 Judging Acceptability of Probabilities of Failure......Page 239
13.5.6 Example......Page 240
14.1.1 Circular Slip Surfaces......Page 243
14.1.2 Noncircular Shear Surfaces......Page 247
14.1.3 Importance of Cross-Section Details......Page 248
14.2 Examination of Noncritical Slip Surfaces......Page 249
14.3.1 Rankine Active Earth Pressures......Page 250
14.3.2 Eliminating Tension......Page 252
14.4.1 Cause of Problems......Page 254
14.4.2 Eliminating the Problem......Page 256
14.5.1 Iteration Tolerances and Convergence......Page 257
14.5.2 Number of Slices......Page 258
14.6 Verification of Calculations......Page 261
14.7 Three-Dimensional Effects......Page 262
15.2 Soil Property Evaluation......Page 265
15.6 Analysis Summary Figure......Page 266
15.7 Parametric Studies......Page 270
15.9 Table Of Contents......Page 273
16.2 Factors Governing Selection of Method of Stabilization......Page 275
16.3.3 Drain Wells and Stone Columns......Page 276
16.3.4 Wellpoints and Deep Wells......Page 277
16.4 Excavations and Buttress Fills......Page 279
16.5.1 Prestressed Anchors and Anchored Walls......Page 280
16.6 Reinforcing Piles and Drilled Shafts......Page 283
16.8 Vegetation......Page 285
16.10 Bridging......Page 286
16.11 Removal and Replacement of the Sliding Mass......Page 287
Averaging Slope Inclinations, Unit Weights, and Shear Strengths......Page 289
Soils With Φ=0......Page 290
Soils With Φ>0......Page 292
Infinite Slope Charts......Page 294
Soils With Φ=0 and Strength Increasing with Depth......Page 297
Examples......Page 298
Measured Strength Envelopes......Page 305
Equations for Strength Envelope......Page 306
Impact on Slope Stability......Page 307
Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 310
References......Page 311
Index......Page 325
EULA......Page 0

✦ Subjects

Slopes (Soil mechanics)