Starting Digital Signal Processing in Telecommunication Engineering: A Laboratory-based Course (Textbooks in Telecommunication Engineering)

✍ Scribed by Tomasz P. Zieliński

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 874
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This hands-on, laboratory driven textbook helps readers understand principles of digital signal processing (DSP) and basics of software-based digital communication, particularly software-defined networks (SDN) and software-defined radio (SDR). In the book only the most important concepts are presented. Each book chapter is an introduction to computer laboratory and is accompanied by complete laboratory exercises and ready-to-go Matlab programs with figures and comments (available at the book webpage and running also in GNU Octave 5.2 with free software packages), showing all or most details of relevant algorithms. Students are tasked to understand programs, modify them, and apply presented concepts to recorded real RF signal or simulated received signals, with modelled transmission condition and hardware imperfections. Teaching is done by showing examples and their modifications to different real-world telecommunication-like applications. The book consists of three parts: introduction to DSP (spectral analysis and digital filtering), introduction to DSP advanced topics (multi-rate, adaptive, model-based and multimedia - speech, audio, video - signal analysis and processing) and introduction to software-defined modern telecommunication systems (SDR technology, analog and digital modulations, single- and multi-carrier systems, channel estimation and correction as well as synchronization issues).

Many real signals are processed in the book, in the first part – mainly speech and audio, while in the second part – mainly RF recordings taken from RTL-SDR USB stick and ADALM-PLUTO module, for example captured IQ data of VOR avionics signal, classical FM radio with RDS, digital DAB/DAB+ radio and 4G-LTE digital telephony. Additionally, modelling and simulation of some transmission scenarios are tested in software in the book, in particular TETRA, ADSL and 5G signals.​

• Provides an introduction to digital signal processing and software-based digital communication;
• Presents a transition from digital signal processing to software-defined telecommunication;
• Features a suite of pedagogical materials including a laboratory test-bed and computer exercises/experiments​​.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Signals: Acquisition, Classification, Sampling
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Digital Signal Processing Systems
1.3 Signal Classes
1.4 Base-Band and Sub-Band Sampling
1.5 Analog Signal Reconstruction
1.6 Summary
1.7 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
2 Signals: Generation, Modulation, Parameters
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Deterministic Signals
2.3 Random Signals
2.4 Sines and Instantaneous Frequency
2.5 Signal Parameters incl. Correlation Function
2.6 Summary
2.7 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
3 Signal Orthogonal Transforms
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Orthogonal Transformation by Intuition: From Points in 3D to Vector Spaces
3.3 Orthogonal Transformation Mathematical Basics
3.4 Important Orthogonal Transforms
3.5 Transformation Experiments
3.6 Optimal Discrete Orthogonal Transforms
3.7 Summary
3.8 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
4 Discrete Fourier Transforms: DtFT and DFT
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Continuous Fourier Transform and Fourier Series
4.3 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform: From CFT to DtFT
4.4 Window Functions
4.4.1 Practical Summary
4.4.2 Mathematical Description
4.4.3 Application Example
4.5 Discrete Fourier Transform
4.6 Summary
4.7 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
5 Fast Fourier Transform
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Radix-2 FFT Algorithm
5.3 FFT Butterflies
5.4 Fast Signal Samples Re-ordering
5.5 Example: 8-Point Radix-2 DIT FFT
5.6 Efficient FFT Usage for Real-Value Signals
5.7 FFT Algorithm with Decimation-in-Frequency
5.8 Summary
5.9 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
Further Reading
6 FFT Applications: Tips and Tricks
6.1 Introduction
6.2 FFT Usage Principles
6.3 Fast Frequency Resolution Improvement
6.4 FFT of Noisy Signals: Welch Power Spectral Density
6.5 FFT of Time-Varying Signals
6.5.1 Short-Time Fourier Transform
6.5.2 Wigner–Ville Time–Frequency Signal Representation
6.6 Fast Convolution and Correlation Based on FFT
6.6.1 Linear Convolution
6.6.2 Circular Convolution
6.6.3 Fast Linear Convolution
6.6.4 Fast Overlap–Add and Overlap–Save SectionedConvolution
6.6.5 Fast Signal Correlation
6.6.6 Fast Convolution/Correlation Example and Program
6.7 Fast DtFT Calculation via Chirp-Z Transform
6.8 Blackman–Tukey PSD Fast Calculation
6.9 Fast Estimation of Damped Sinusoids by Interpolated DFT
6.10 Summary
6.11 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
7 Analog Filters
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Analog LTI Systems
7.3 RLC Circuit Example
7.4 Analog Filter Design by Zeros and Poles Method
7.5 Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic Analog Filters
7.6 Frequency Transformation
7.7 Butterworth Filter Design Example
7.8 All Together Now: Unified Program for Analog Filter Design
7.9 Example of Hardware Design of Analog Filters
7.10 Summary
7.11 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
8 IIR Digital Filters
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Discrete-Time LTI Systems
8.3 Digital Signal Filtering
8.4 Z-Transform and Its Features
8.5 Digital Filter Transfer Function and Frequency Response
8.6 Example: Digital Filter Design by TF Zerosand Poles Placement
8.7 Digital Filter Design Using Bilinear Transformation
8.8 Digital IIR Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptic Filters
8.9 IIR Filter Structures: Bi-quadratic Sections
8.10 Summary
8.11 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
9 FIR Digital Filters
9.1 Introduction
9.2 FIR Filter Description
9.3 Window Method
9.4 Inverse DFT Method
9.5 Weighted Least-Squares Method
9.6 Min-Max Equiripple Chebyshev Approximation Method
9.7 Efficient FIR Filter Implementations
9.8 Summary
9.9 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
10 FIR Filters in Signal Interpolation, Re-sampling, and Multi-Rate Processing
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Signal 1:K Up-Sampling—Simple Interpolation
10.3 Signal L:1 Down-Sampling—Simple Decimation
10.4 Signal K:L Re-sampling
10.5 Matlab Functions for Signal Re-sampling
10.6 Fast Polyphase Re-sampling
10.6.1 Polyphase Signal Decomposition
10.6.2 Fast Polyphase Interpolation
10.6.3 Fast Polyphase Decimation
10.7 Filters with Fractional Delay
10.8 Farrow Interpolator
10.9 Asynchronous Sampling Rate Conversion
10.10 Multi-Resolution Signal Decomposition and Wavelet Filters
10.10.1 Multi-band Filter Banks
10.10.2 Two-Band Wavelet Filter Banks and WaveletTransform
10.10.3 Derivation of Wavelet Filter Equations
10.11 Summary
10.12 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
11 FIR Filters for Phase Shifting and Differentiation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 FIR Hilbert Filter
11.2.1 Hilbert Filter Basics
11.2.2 Analytic Signal and AM-FM Demodulation Principle
11.2.3 Hilbert Filter Implementations
11.2.4 Hilbert Filter Applications: AM/FM Demodulation
11.3 FIR Differentiation Filters
11.4 Summary
11.5 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
12 FIR Adaptive Filters
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Adaptive Filter Application Scenarios
12.3 Adaptive Filter Types
12.4 LMS Adaptive Filters
12.5 RLS Adaptive Filters
12.6 RLS Filters as Dynamic System Observers
12.7 Exercises
12.8 Summary
12.9 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
13 Modern Frequency and Damping Estimation Methods
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Signal Model
13.3 Eigenvalue and Singular Value Matrix Decomposition
13.4 Discrete Hilbert Transform Method
13.5 Parametric Modeling Methods: Solving Linear Equations
13.5.1 Initial Problem Setup
13.5.2 Generalization for Multi-component Signals
13.5.3 Prony Method
13.5.4 Steiglitz–McBride Method: Self-Filtered Signal
13.5.5 Kumaresan–Tufts Method: Linear Predictionwith SVD
13.5.6 Matrix Pencil Method
13.5.7 Yule–Walker Method: Linear Prediction Using Auto-Correlation Function
13.5.8 Pisarenko Method: Signal Subspace Methods
13.6 Interpolated DFT Methods
13.7 Summary
13.8 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
14 Speech Compression and Recognition
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Speech Compression
14.3 Speech Compression Exercises
14.4 Speech Recognition
14.5 Summary
14.6 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
Further Reading
15 Audio Compression
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Psycho-Acoustics of Human Hearing System
15.2.1 Fundamentals
15.2.2 Basics of Signal-to-Mask Radio Calculation
15.3 Psycho-Acoustical MP2 Model
15.4 MP2 Filter Bank
15.5 Fast Polyphase Implementation of MP2 Filter Bank
15.6 Complete MP2 Matlab Encoder and Decoder
15.7 MP3 Coding Enhancements
15.8 AAC Advanced Audio Coding
15.9 Summary
15.10 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
Further Reading
16 Image Processing
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Image Representation
16.3 2D Orthogonal Image Transformations
16.3.1 Definitions and Calculation
16.3.2 Interpretation
16.3.3 Image Analysis and Filtering in Frequency Domain
16.4 2D Convolution and Image Filtering
16.5 Fundamentals of Lossless Image Compression
16.6 Image and Video Compression
16.6.1 JPEG: Still Images
16.6.2 MPEG: Moving Pictures
16.7 Image Watermarking
16.8 Summary
16.9 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
Further Reading
17 Introduction to SDR: IQ Signals and Frequency Up-DownConversion
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Frequency Allocation
17.3 Service Frequency UP-DOWN Conversion
17.4 RF Signal Acquisition Hardware
17.5 Investigating Signal Spectra
17.6 Example: Calculating Spectra of IQ Signals
17.7 Summary
17.8 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
18 Frequency Modulation and Demodulation
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Frequency Modulation
18.3 Frequency Demodulation
18.4 FM Testing
18.5 FM Demodulation Examples
18.5.1 FM Radio Broadcasting
18.5.2 Amateur HAM Radio
18.5.3 Airplane Azimuth Calculation from VOR Signal
18.5.4 Safe Mode Nano-Satellite Signal
18.6 Summary
18.7 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
19 Amplitude Modulation, Demodulation, and Carrier Recovery
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Amplitude Modulation
19.3 Amplitude Demodulation
19.4 Carrier Synchronization Importance
19.5 Carrier Recovery in Suppressed Carrier AM Modulation
19.6 Carrier Recovery: Phase Locked Loop
19.6.1 Real-Value PLL
19.6.2 Complex-Value PLL
19.6.3 Using PLL Program
19.7 Carrier Recovery: Costas Loop
19.8 Carrier Recovery Example: MPX Signal in FM Radio
19.9 Summary
19.10 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
20 Introduction to Single-Carrier Digital Modulation Systems
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Basics of Single-Carrier Modulation
20.3 Basics of Single-Carrier Transmission Systems
20.4 Source Coding
20.5 Digital Modulation and Demodulation
20.5.1 Carrier States Definition and Generation
20.5.2 Carrier States Interpolation: Pulse Shaping Filters
20.5.3 Carrier States Interpolation: In Action
20.5.4 Carrier States Detection
20.6 Frequency Up-Down Conversion: Symbols and Bits per Second
20.7 Disturbances and Obstacles
20.8 Summary
20.9 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
21 Digital Single-Carrier Receiver
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Receiver Synchronization and Channel Equalization Program
21.3 Preambles Detection and Frame/Symbol Synchronization
21.4 Carrier Offsets Detection and Correction
21.5 Channel Estimation and Equalization
21.6 Decreasing Signal Sampling Ratio
21.7 Timing Recovery Methods
21.8 Real-World Examples
21.8.1 Decoding Bits from Nano-Satellites
21.8.2 Decoding RDS Data in FM Radio
21.8.3 Decoding Carrier States in TETRA Digital Telephony
21.9 Summary
21.10 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
22 Introduction to Digital Multi-Carrier Transmission: With DSL Modem Example
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Concept of Discrete Multi-Tone Transmission
22.3 Examples of Multiple Carriers Technology
22.4 Transmission Channels
22.5 DMT/OFDM Modulator and Demodulator
22.6 Carrier Orthogonality Importance
22.7 Transmission Disturbances and Distortions
22.8 DSL Modem Implementation Issues
22.8.1 Channel Estimation/Identification
22.8.2 ADC Sampling Rate Estimation and Correction
22.8.3 Time Equalization of the Channel
22.8.4 Frequency Equalization of the Channel
22.8.5 DMT/OFDM Symbol Synchronization
22.8.6 Influence of Disturbances
22.8.7 Bit Allocation and Channel Information Capacity
22.8.8 Choice of TEQ Equalizer
22.9 Program of DSL Modem
22.10 Summary
22.11 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
23 Wireless Digital Multi-Carrier Transmission: With DAB Example
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Reading Recorded DAB Files
23.3 DAB Physical Layer: Samples and Carriers
23.4 Synchronization
23.5 DQPSK-OFDM Demodulation
23.6 Removing Frequency Interleaving
23.7 Structure of FIC and MSC Block
23.8 FIC Decoding
23.9 MSC Decoding
23.10 DAB+ Super Frame Decoding
23.11 Final DAB Block Diagrams
23.12 Error Correction in DAB
23.12.1 Cyclic Redundancy Check Encoder and Decoder
23.12.2 Application of Reed–Solomon Coding
23.12.3 Convolutional Coding and Viterbi Decoder
23.13 Summary
23.14 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
24 Modern Wireless Digital Communications: 4G and 5G Mobile Internet Access (with Grzegorz Cisek as a co-author)
24.1 Introduction
24.2 LTE Basics
24.3 Decoding 4G LTE Physical Broadcast Channel
24.3.1 LTE Signal Recording and Its Spectrum Observation
24.3.2 Signal Pre-processing and Integer CFO Correction
24.3.3 Signal Auto-Correlation: Fractional Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation and Correction
24.3.4 PSS Signals: Frame Synchronization, CFO Correction, and Channel Estimation
24.3.5 SSS Signals: Physical Radio Cell Identification
24.3.6 CRS Signals: PBCH Decoding
24.4 Experiments Using Synthesized LTE Signals
24.5 5G New Radio
24.5.1 Introduction to 5G NR
24.5.2 Exemplary Data Decoding
24.6 Summary
24.7 Private Investigations: Free-Style Bungee Jumps
References
Correction to: Starting Digital Signal Processing in Telecommunication Engineering
Index