Contents
Introduction
Structure of the Book
Acknowledgments
1 SAP HANA
1.1 What Is SAP HANA?
1.1.1 SAP HANA: A Fast SQL Database
1.1.2 SAP HANA: An Application Server
1.1.3 SAP HANA: A Collection of Tools
1.2 System Architecture
1.2.1 SAP HANA Server Components
1.2.2 Databases and Tenants
1.3 Organizing Database Objects
1.3.1 Database Schemas
1.3.2 Database Catalogs
1.3.3 Content and Repositories
1.4 Development Environments
1.4.1 SAP HANA Studio
1.4.2 SAP HANA Web-Based Development Workbench
1.4.3 SAP Web IDE
1.5 The SQL Console
2 Getting Started with SQLScript
2.1 SQL Versus SQLScript
2.2 Basic Language Elements
2.2.1 Statements
2.2.2 Whitespace
2.2.3 Comments
2.2.4 Literals
2.2.5 Identifiers
2.2.6 Access to Local Variables and Parameters
2.2.7 System Variables
2.2.8 Reserved Words
2.2.9 Operators
2.2.10 Expressions
2.2.11 Predicates
2.2.12 Data Types
2.2.13 The NULL Value
2.2.14 The DUMMY Table
2.3 Modularization and Logical Containers
2.3.1 Blocks
2.3.2 Procedures
2.3.3 User-Defined Functions
2.4 Sample Program
2.4.1 Requirements
2.4.2 Requirements Analysis
2.4.3 Implementation
2.4.4 Testing the Implementation
3 Declarative Programming in SQLScript
3.1 Table Variables
3.1.1 Declaring Table Variables
3.1.2 Using Table Variables
3.2 SELECT Statements
3.2.1 SELECT Clauses
3.2.2 Field List of SELECT Clauses
3.2.3 FROM Clauses
3.2.4 Joins
3.2.5 WHERE Conditions
3.2.6 WITH Clauses
3.2.7 GROUP BY Clauses
3.2.8 HAVING Clauses
3.2.9 ORDER BY Clauses
3.2.10 Set Theory
3.2.11 Subqueries
3.2.12 Alias Names
3.3 Other Operators
3.3.1 Calculation Engine Plan Operators
3.3.2 Map Merge
4 Data Types and Their Processing
4.1 Character Strings
4.1.1 Data Types for Character Strings
4.1.2 Conversions
4.1.3 Character String Functions
4.2 Date and Time
4.2.1 Date Information
4.2.2 Time Information
4.2.3 Combined Time and Date Information
4.2.4 Processing Time and Date Values
4.2.5 Examples of Processing Time Values
4.3 Numerical Data
4.3.1 Basic Arithmetic Operations
4.3.2 Square Roots and Exponents
4.3.3 Logarithms
4.3.4 Rounding or Trimming
4.3.5 Trigonometry
4.3.6 Random Numbers
4.3.7 Sign
4.3.8 Quantities and Amounts
4.4 Binary Data Types
4.4.1 Conversion Between Binary Data, Hexadecimal Data, and Character Strings
4.4.2 Bits and Bytes
4.5 Conversions Between Data Types
5 Write Access to the Database
5.1 INSERT
5.1.1 Individual Data Records
5.1.2 Inserting Multiple Records Simultaneously
5.2 UPDATE
5.2.1 Simple UPDATE Statement
5.2.2 UPDATE Statement with Reference to Other Tables
5.3 UPSERT or REPLACE
5.3.1 Inserting or Updating Individual Data Records
5.3.2 Inserting or Updating Multiple Data Records
5.4 MERGE INTO
5.5 DELETE
5.6 TRUNCATE TABLE
6 Imperative Programming
6.1 Variables
6.1.1 Local Scalar Variables
6.1.2 Local Table Variables
6.1.3 Session Variables
6.1.4 Temporary Tables
6.2 Flow Control Using IF and ELSE
6.3 Loops
6.3.1 FOR Loop
6.3.2 WHILE Loop
6.3.3 Controlling Loop Passes
6.3.4 Exercise: Greatest Common Divisor
6.4 Cursors
6.4.1 FOR Loop via a Cursor
6.4.2 Open, Read, and Close Explicitly
6.5 Arrays
6.5.1 Generating an Array
6.5.2 Accessing the Array
6.5.3 Arrays as Local Variables
6.5.4 Splitting and Concatenating Arrays
6.5.5 Arrays and Table Columns
6.5.6 Bubble Sort Exercise
6.6 Transaction Control
6.6.1 Transactions
6.6.2 Autonomous Transactions
6.7 Executing Dynamic SQL
6.7.1 Parameters of Dynamic SQL
6.7.2 Input Parameters
6.8 Error Handling
6.8.1 What Are Exceptions?
6.8.2 Triggering Exceptions
6.8.3 Catching Exceptions
7 Creating, Deleting, and Editing Database Objects
7.1 Tables
7.1.1 Creating Database Tables
7.1.2 Changing Database Tables
7.1.3 Deleting Database Tables
7.2 Table Types
7.3 Views
7.4 Sequences
7.4.1 Increment
7.4.2 Limits
7.4.3 Behavior When Reaching the Limit
7.4.4 Resetting the Sequence
7.4.5 Changing and Deleting a Sequence
7.5 Triggers
7.5.1 Parameters
7.5.2 Per Row or Per Statement
8 SQLScript in ABAP Programs
8.1 AMDP Procedures
8.1.1 Creating AMDP Procedures
8.1.2 Generated Objects of an AMDP Method
8.1.3 Lifecycle of the Generated Objects
8.1.4 Two-Track Development
8.1.5 Using AMDP Procedures in AMDP Procedures
8.2 CDS Table Functions
8.2.1 Creating a CDS Table Function
8.2.2 Generated Objects of a CDS Table Function
8.2.3 Implicit Client Handling of CDS Table Functions
8.3 AMDP Functions for AMDP Methods
8.4 Alternatives to AMDPs for Calling SQLScript Code from ABAP Programs
8.5 Recommendations
9 SQLScript in SAP Business Warehouse
9.1 Transformation Routines as AMDP
9.2 Successive Transformations and Mixed Execution
9.3 The Generated AMDP Classes
9.3.1 Signature of AMDP Methods
9.3.2 Assigning the Output Tables
9.3.3 Access to Data from Other Data Models
9.4 The Individual Routines
9.4.1 Start Routines
9.4.2 End Routines
9.4.3 Expert Routines
9.4.4 Field Routines
9.5 Error Processing and Error Stack
9.5.1 Processing Flow in the Data Transfer Process
9.5.2 Example: Recognizing Incorrect Data in Table OUTTAB
9.5.3 Example: Finding Invalid Field Contents with Regular Expressions
10 Clean SQLScript Code
10.1 The Readability of the Code
10.1.1 Formatting the Code
10.1.2 Mnemonic Names
10.1.3 Granularity of Procedures and Functions
10.1.4 Comments
10.1.5 Decomposing Complex Queries
10.1.6 Readable SQLScript Statements
10.2 Performance Recommendations
10.2.1 Reducing Data Volumes
10.2.2 Avoid Switching Between Row and Column Engines
10.2.3 Declarative Queries
10.2.4 Scalar Functions
11 Tests, Errors, and Performance Analysis
11.1 Testing SQLScript Code
11.1.1 SQL Console
11.1.2 Testing ABAP Managed Database Procedure Methods
11.1.3 The TRACE Statement
11.2 The Debugger for SQLScript
11.2.1 The SAP HANA Web-Based Development Workbench Debugger
11.2.2 SQLScript Debugger in SAP HANA Studio
11.2.3 AMDP Debugger in the ABAP Development Tools
11.2.4 Debugging in the SAP Web IDE
11.3 Performance Analysis
11.3.1 Runtime Measurement
11.3.2 Execution Plan
11.3.3 Performance Analysis in the SAP HANA Web-Based Development Workbench
11.3.4 PlanViz
11.3.5 SQL Analyzer of the Database Explorer of the SAP Web IDE
11.3.6 SQLScript Code Analyzer
Appendices
A Data Model for Task Management
A.1 Overview of the Tables
A.2 Data
A.3 Installation
B List of Abbreviations
C The Author
Index
Service Pages