SAP S/4HANA Architecture (SAP PRESS)

✍ Scribed by Thomas Saueressig, Tobias Stein

• Publisher: SAP Press
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 813
• Edition: New
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Pop the hood on SAP S/4HANA with this guide to its technical and application architecture! Understand the new data and programming models that underpin SAP S/4HANA and see how they differ from SAP ERP. Learn about technology components, like embedded analytics and integration. Then walk through the architecture of individual application areas like finance and logistics to see how they work and interact. Considering SAP S/4HANA Cloud? Explore scoping, compliance, performance, and more. Get the complete blueprint to SAP S/4HANA!

Understand the technical foundation of SAP S/4HANA and SAP S/4HANA Cloud
Explore the architecture of key application areas, including finance, logistics, procurement, and sales
Learn about SAP S/4HANA Cloud's unique architecture

Technical Architecture
Build your understanding of SAP S/4HANA's technical foundation. Explore capabilities like analytics, interfaces, enterprise search, and the SAP Fiori user experience. See how the virtual data model and the ABAP RESTful programming model work.

Application Architecture
Learn about SAP S/4HANA's master data types. Then step through each application area to explore its key architecture components: logistics, sales and service operations, procurement, manufacturing, extended warehouse management, and finance.

SAP S/4HANA Cloud
Discover the architecture of SAP S/4HANA Cloud, whether it's identity and access management, or security and compliance. Learn how SAP S/4HANA Cloud manages tasks and explore the fundamentals of configuration.

SAP S/4HANA
SAP S/4HANA Cloud
Master data
Sales and service
Logistics and manufacturing
Extended warehouse management
Finance
Identity and access management
Cloud security and compliance
Cloud operations
Side-by-side extensions

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Dear Reader
Notes on Usage
Table of Contents
Foreword
SAP S/4HANA: A New ERP Platform
About This Book
Acknowledgments
Part I   Foundation
1   Architecture Challenges of a Modern ERP Solution
1.1   Characteristics of a Modern ERP System
1.1.1   Even Higher Performance and Scalability
1.1.2   Consumer-Grade User Experience
1.1.3   Extensible Architecture
1.1.4   Intelligent ERP Processes
1.1.5   Simplified and Standardized Implementation
1.1.6   Cloud and On-Premise Deployment Models
1.1.7   Security, Privacy, Compliance, and Data Isolation
1.2   SAP S/4HANA Architecture Principles
1.2.1   Stable but Flexible Digital Core
1.2.2   Simplification with the Principle of One
1.2.3   Open for Innovations through Service Orientation
1.2.4   Modularization into (Hybrid) Integration Scenarios
1.2.5   Cloud First, but Not Cloud Only
1.2.6   Semantic Compatibility to Support Evolution with the Least Possible Disruption
1.3   Evolving a Cloud ERP System from the Best Possible Origins
1.4   Summary
2   Technical Architecture Foundation
2.1   The Virtual Data Model
2.1.1   Core Data Services
2.1.2   Naming Conventions
2.1.3   Structure of the Virtual Data Model
2.1.4   Consumption Scenarios
2.2   ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model
2.2.1   Defining and Developing Business Objects
2.2.2   Defining Business Services
2.2.3   Runtime Architecture
2.3   Summary
3   Simplified Experience
3.1   User Experience
3.1.1   SAP Fiori
3.1.2   User Experience Adoption Strategy
3.1.3   SAP Fiori Launchpad
3.1.4   SAP Fiori Apps
3.1.5   SAP Fiori Elements Apps
3.2   Search
3.2.1   Search Architecture
3.2.2   Enterprise Search Extensibility
3.3   Summary
4   Intelligence and Analytics
4.1   Analytics
4.1.1   SAP S/4HANA Embedded Analytics Architecture Overview
4.1.2   Embedded Analytical Applications
4.1.3   Modeling Analytical Artifacts
4.1.4   Analytics Extensibility
4.1.5   Enterprise Analytics Applications
4.2   Machine Learning
4.2.1   Machine Learning Architecture
4.2.2   Embedded Machine Learning
4.2.3   Side-By-Side Machine Learning Architecture
4.2.4   Machine Learning in SAP S/4HANA Applications
4.3   Intelligent Situation Handling
4.3.1   Example: Contract is Ready as Source of Supply
4.3.2   Technological Background
4.3.3   Intelligent Situation Handling Concept
4.3.4   User Experience
4.3.5   Use Case Examples
4.3.6   Intelligent Situation Automation
4.3.7   Message-Based Situation Handling
4.4   Summary
5   Extensibility
5.1   Key User Extensibility
5.1.1   Stability Criteria for Extensibility
5.1.2   Principles of In-App Key User Extensibility
5.1.3   Field Extensibility
5.1.4   Integration Extensibility
5.1.5   Custom Business Logic
5.1.6   Custom Business Objects
5.1.7   Custom CDS views
5.1.8   Lifecycle Management
5.2   Side-by-Side Extensions
5.2.1   Introduction to Cloud-Native Applications
5.2.2   SAP Cloud Platform and Programming Models
5.2.3   Cloud Foundry Environment
5.2.4   Kyma Runtime
5.2.5   Integrating with SAP S/4HANA Using the SAP Cloud SDK
5.3   Summary
6   Integration
6.1   SAP S/4HANA Integration Interface Technologies
6.1.1   OData Services
6.1.2   SOAP Services
6.1.3   Remote Function Call
6.1.4   BAPIs
6.1.5   IDoc
6.1.6   SAP S/4HANA API Strategy
6.2   SAP API Business Hub
6.3   Interface Monitoring and Error Handling with SAP Application Interface Framework
6.4   Communication Management in SAP S/4HANA Cloud
6.4.1   Communication Scenario
6.4.2   Communication User
6.4.3   Communication System
6.4.4   Communication Arrangement
6.4.5   Calling Inbound Services with User Propagation
6.5   Cloud Connector
6.5.1   Cloud Connector Principles
6.5.2   RFC Communication with SAP S/4HANA Cloud
6.6   Integration Middleware
6.7   Event-Based Integration
6.7.1   SAP Cloud Platform Enterprise Messaging
6.7.2   Business Events Architecture in SAP S/4HANA
6.7.3   Business Events in SAP S/4HANA
6.7.4   Event Channels and Topic Filters
6.8   Data Integration
6.8.1   CDS-Based Data Extraction
6.8.2   Data Replication Framework
6.8.3   Master Data Integration Services
6.9   Summary
7   Data Protection and Privacy
7.1   Compliance Base Line
7.2   Definitions and Principles
7.2.1   Basics in SAP S/4HANA
7.2.2   Data Subject Rights
7.2.3   Technical and Organizational Measures
7.3   Summary
Part II   Application Architecture
8   Master Data
8.1   Product Master
8.1.1   Product Master Data Model
8.1.2   Product Hierarchy
8.1.3   Data Migration
8.1.4   Product SOAP Service API
8.1.5   Product Master Extensibility
8.1.6   Self-Service Configuration
8.2   Bill of Materials, Characteristics, and Configurations
8.2.1   Bill of Materials (BOM)
8.2.2   Classification System
8.2.3   Variant Configuration
8.2.4   Variant Classes
8.2.5   Super BOM
8.2.6   BOM with Class Items
8.2.7   Variant Configuration Profiles
8.2.8   Object Dependencies in Variant Configuration
8.2.9   User Interface and Grouping
8.2.10   Extensibility
8.2.11   High-Level and Low-Level Configuration
8.2.12   Embedded Analytics for Classification and Configuration Data
8.3   Business Partner
8.3.1   Architecture of Business Partner Master Data
8.3.2   SAP S/4HANA System Conversion Scenarios
8.3.3   Data Protection and Policy
8.3.4   Extensibility
8.3.5   Business Partner APIs
8.4   Summary
9   Sales
9.1   Architecture Overview
9.2   Sales Documents Structure
9.3   Authorizations
9.4   Sales Inquiries and Sales Quotations
9.5   Sales Order Processing
9.6   Sales Contracts
9.7   Sales Scheduling Agreements
9.8   Claims, Returns, and Refund Management
9.9   Billing
9.10   Sales Monitoring and Analytics
9.11   Pricing
9.12   Integration
9.13   Summary
10   Service Operations
10.1   Architecture Overview
10.2   Business Objects and Processes in Service Operations
10.2.1   Field Service
10.2.2   In-House Repair
10.2.3   Service Contracts
10.2.4   Solution Business
10.2.5   Interaction Center
10.3   Master Data and Organizational Model
10.3.1   Business Partner
10.3.2   Service Products
10.3.3   Organizational Units
10.3.4   Service Teams
10.3.5   Technical Objects
10.4   Data Model and Business Transactions Framework
10.4.1   Business Transactions Framework
10.4.2   Data Model
10.4.3   Transaction Type and Item Category
10.4.4   Common Functions for Service Transactions
10.4.5   Virtual Data Model
10.4.6   Public APIs
10.5   Integration
10.5.1   Data Exchange Manager
10.5.2   Backward Integration
10.5.3   Integration with SAP Field Service Management
10.5.4   User Interface Technology
10.6   Summary
11   Sourcing and Procurement
11.1   Architecture Overview
11.2   Procurement Processes
11.2.1   Direct Procurement
11.2.2   Indirect Procurement
11.3   Architecture of a Business Object in Procurement
11.4   Central Procurement
11.4.1   Backend Integration
11.5   APIs and Integration
11.5.1   SAP S/4HANA Procurement Integration with SAP Ariba and SAP Fieldglass
11.6   Analytics
11.7   Innovation and Intelligent Procurement
11.8   Summary
12   Logistics and Manufacturing
12.1   Architecture Overview
12.2   Organizational Units
12.3   Master Data Objects
12.4   Transactional Business Objects
12.5   Calculated Business Objects, Engines, and Process Control
12.5.1   Inventory
12.5.2   Available-to-Promise
12.5.3   Material Requirements Planning
12.5.4   Demand-Driven Material Requirements Planning
12.5.5   Kanban
12.5.6   Just-In-Time Processing
12.5.7   Predictive Material and Resource Planning
12.5.8   Capacity Planning
12.5.9   Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling
12.6   Cross Functions in Logistics and Manufacturing
12.6.1   Batch Management
12.6.2   Quality Management
12.6.3   Handling Unit Management
12.6.4   Serial Number Management
12.6.5   Inter-/Intracompany Stock Transport
12.7   Logistics Integration Scenarios
12.7.1   Warehouse Management
12.7.2   Manufacturing Execution Systems
12.8   Summary
13   Extended Warehouse Management
13.1   Architecture Overview
13.2   Organizational Structure
13.3   Master Data
13.4   Stock Management
13.5   Application Components
13.6   Monitoring and Reporting
13.7   Process Automation
13.8   User Interface
13.9   Technical Frameworks
13.10   Warehouse Automation
13.11   Summary
14   Finance, Governance, Risk, and Compliance
14.1   Finance Architecture Overview
14.2   Accounting
14.2.1   General Ledger
14.2.2   Fixed Asset Accounting
14.2.3   Inventory Accounting
14.2.4   Lease Accounting
14.2.5   Service and Sales Accounting
14.2.6   Group Reporting
14.2.7   Financial Closing
14.3   Tax and Legal Management
14.4   Enterprise Contract Management and Assembly
14.5   Financial Planning and Analysis
14.5.1   Budgetary Accounting
14.5.2   Predictive Accounting
14.5.3   Financial Planning
14.5.4   Margin Analysis
14.5.5   Overhead Cost
14.5.6   Production Cost
14.6   Payables Management
14.6.1   Supplier Invoicing
14.6.2   Open Payables Management
14.6.3   Automatic Payment Processing
14.7   Receivables Management
14.7.1   Open Receivables Management
14.7.2   Credit Evaluation and Management
14.7.3   Customer Invoicing
14.7.4   Dispute Resolution
14.7.5   Collection Management
14.7.6   Convergent Invoicing
14.7.7   Contract Accounting
14.8   Treasury Management
14.8.1   Advanced Payment Management
14.8.2   Bank Integration Using SAP Multi-Bank Connectivity
14.8.3   Connectivity to Payment Service Providers and Payment Gateways
14.8.4   Cash Management
14.8.5   Treasury and Risk Management
14.9   Central Finance
14.9.1   Replication
14.9.2   Mapping
14.9.3   Accounting Views of Logistics Information
14.9.4   Central Payment
14.9.5   Cross-System Process Control
14.10   Finance Extensibility
14.11   SAP Governance, Risk, and Compliance
14.11.1   Overview of SAP GRC Solutions
14.11.2   SAP GRC Solutions and SAP S/4HANA Integration
14.11.3   SAP S/4HANA Integration with Enterprise Risk and Compliance
14.11.4   SAP S/4HANA Integration with International Trade Management
14.11.5   SAP S/4HANA Integration with Access Governance
14.11.6   SAP S/4HANA Integration with SAP Privacy Governance
14.12   Summary
15   Localization in SAP S/4HANA
15.1   Advanced Compliance Reporting
15.2   Document Compliance
15.2.1   Motivation
15.2.2   Architecture Overview
15.2.3   Recent Developments and Future Outlook
15.3   Localization Toolkit for SAPS/4HANA Cloud
15.3.1   Components of the Toolkit
15.3.2   Extensibility Scenario Guides and the Community
15.4   Summary
Part III   SAP S/4HANA Cloud-Specific Architecture and Operations
16   Scoping and Configuration
16.1   Configure Your Solution: Scoping and Configuration Today
16.1.1   Content Model of SAP Solution Builder Tool
16.1.2   Scoping and Deployment
16.2   Outlook: SAP Central Business Configuration
16.2.1   The Business Adaptation Catalog
16.2.2   The Ten Business Adaptation Catalog Commandments
16.2.3   Business Processes
16.2.4   Constraints
16.2.5   From Scoping to Deployment
16.3   Summary
17   Identity and Access Management
17.1   Architecture Concepts of Identity and Access Management
17.1.1   ABAP Authorization Concept
17.1.2   Authentication
17.1.3   Identity and Access Entities and Their Relationships
17.1.4   Identity and Access Management Tools
17.1.5   SAP Fiori Pages and Spaces
17.2   Managing Users, Roles, and Catalogs
17.2.1   Communication Arrangements
17.2.2   User Types
17.2.3   SAP PFCG Roles and Business Catalogs
17.2.4   Management of Users, Roles, and Catalogs by Customers
17.2.5   Auditors
17.3   Summary
18   Output Management
18.1   Architecture Overview
18.2   Printing
18.3   Email
18.4   Electronic Data Interchange
18.5   Form Templates
18.6   Output Control
18.7   Summary
19   Cloud Operations
19.1   SAP S/4HANA Cloud Landscape
19.2   Data Centers
19.3   Multitenancy
19.3.1   The System Architecture of SAP S/4HANA
19.3.2   Sharing the SAP HANA Database System
19.3.3   Sharing of ABAP System Resources
19.3.4   The Table Sharing Architecture in Detail
19.4   Software Maintenance
19.4.1   Maintenance Events
19.4.2   Blue-Green Deployment
19.5   Built-in Support
19.5.1   Support Journey without Built-in Support
19.5.2   Built-in Support Architecture
19.6   Summary
20   Sizing and Performance in the Cloud
20.1   Performance-Optimized Programming
20.1.1   Minimal Number of Network Round Trips and Transferred Data Volume
20.1.2   Content Delivery Networks
20.1.3   Buffers and Caches
20.1.4   Nonerratic Performance
20.2   Sizing
20.2.1   Example for Greenfield Sizing
20.2.2   Brownfield Sizing
20.3   Elasticity and Fair Resource Sharing
20.3.1   Dynamic Capacity Management
20.4   Sustainability
20.5   Summary
21   Cloud Security and Compliance
21.1   Network and Data Security Architecture
21.1.1   Access Levels
21.1.2   Resource and Data Separation
21.1.3   Resource Sharing
21.1.4   Data Security and Data Residency
21.1.5   Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery
21.2   Security Processes
21.2.1   Security Configuration Compliance Monitoring
21.2.2   Security Event Management and Incident Response
21.2.3   Infrastructure Vulnerability Scanning
21.2.4   Malware Management
21.2.5   Security Patch Management
21.2.6   User Management
21.2.7   Hacking Simulation
21.3   Certification and Compliance
21.3.1   SAP Operations
21.3.2   SAP Software Development
21.4   Summary
22   Outlook
The Authors
Editors
Authors
Index
Service Pages
Legal Notes