✍ Scribed by Luca Vattuone, Talat Rahman, Mario Rocca
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Foreword
Preface
About the Editors
About the Authors
Contents
List of Abbreviations
Part A Kinetics and Thermodynamics at Surfaces
1 Roughening Transition:Theories and Experiments
1.1 Overview
1.2 Theoretical Considerations
1.3 Renormalization Group Analysis
1.4 (110) Surfaces
1.5 Vicinal Surfaces
1.6 Kinetic Roughening
1.7 Nozières–Gallet Effect
1.8 Experimental Considerations
1.9 Diffraction Techniques
1.10 Experimental Results
1.11 Conclusions: Growth
References
2 Surface Diffusion
2.1 Elementary Mechanism of Surface Diffusion
2.2 Single-Particle and Collective Diffusion Coefficients
2.3 Experimental Measurements of Diffusion
2.4 Perspectives—Towards Complex Surface Motion
References
3 Surface Thermodynamics and Vibrational Entropy
3.1 Some Essentials of Bulk Thermodynamics
3.2 Surface Thermodynamic Functions
3.3 Surface Nomenclature and Geometry
3.4 Theoretical Techniques
3.5 Results
3.6 Summary
References
Part B Surface Crystallography
4 Crystallography of Surfaces
4.1 Context
4.2 Bravais Lattices and Crystal Structure
4.3 Point and Space Group Symmetries
4.4 The Reciprocal Lattice and Its Implications
4.5 Low-Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED)
4.6 Stereographic Representation of Surface Symmetry and Structure
4.7 Notational Conventions for Surface Superstructure
4.8 On the Choice of the (11) Cell
References
5 Ab Initio Simulations of Semiconductor Surfacesand Interfaces
5.1 Overview
5.2 Theoretical Framework
5.3 Surface/Molecule Interaction
5.4 DFT for Sensing
5.5 DFT for Interfaces
5.6 Exploring Water/Solid Interfacesvia DFT Simulations
5.7 Conclusions
References
6 Surfaces of Bulk Oxides
6.1 Overview
6.2 Oxides of Rocksalt Structure
6.3 The SrTiO_3(100) Surface
6.4 Outlook
References
7 Crystallography of Metal Surfaces and Adsorbed Layers
7.1 Experimental Techniques
7.2 Surface Geometries
7.3 Conclusion
References
8 Local Information with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Principles of Scanning TunnelingMicroscopy
8.3 Local Imaging
8.4 Local Spectroscopy
8.5 Manipulation
8.6 Outlook
References
9 Two-Dimensional Crystals: Graphene, Silicene, Germanene, and Stanene
9.1 Graphene on Transition-Metal Substrates
9.2 Epitaxial Silicene on Transition-Metal Substrates
9.3 Germanene Growth on Transition-Metal Surfaces
9.4 Synthesis of Stanene and Other Related Monolayers
9.5 Outlook
References
10 Thin Oxide Films as Model Systems for HeterogeneousCatalysts
10.1 Preamble
10.2 Structural Properties of Epitaxial Oxide Films
10.3 Tuning the Properties of Oxide Films
10.4 Chemical Reactivity of Oxide Surfaces
10.5 Oxide Films Beyond UHV
10.6 Conclusions
References
Part C Electronic Structure Of Surfaces
11 Integrated Experimental Methods for the Investigation of the Electronic Structure of Molecules on Surfaces
11.1 Photoemission Spectroscopy
11.2 Chemical Shifts in XPS
11.3 Concluding Remarks
References
12 Electronic States of Vicinal Surfaces
12.1 General ConsiderationsAbout Vicinal Surfaces
12.2 Structural Properties of Vicinal Surfaces
12.3 Surface Core-Level Shifts at a Vicinal Surface
12.4 Surface States at Vicinal Noble Metal Surfaces
12.5 Quantum Well States in Stepped Thin Films
12.6 Spin-Textured Surface Bands at Vicinal Surfaces
12.7 Summary and Outlook
References
13 Imaging at the Mesoscale (LEEM, PEEM)
13.1 Cathode Lens Microscopy
13.2 Low-Energy Electron Microscopy
13.3 Photoemission Electron Microscopy
13.4 Perspectives
References
14 Scanning Photoelectron Microscopy: Past, Presentand Future
14.1 X-Ray Microscopy—A Brief Overview
14.2 Operation Principle of SPEM
14.3 Some Representative Examples of Systems Studied with SPEMs
14.4 Near-ambient Pressure (NAPnear-ambient pressure) Experiments with SPEM
14.5 Conclusions
References
15 Natural Topological Insulator Heterostructures
15.1 Computational Methods
15.2 (CIVBVI)_n (AV_2BVI_3)_m Superlattices(n=1, m>1)
15.3 (CIV BVI)_n (AV_2 BVI_3)_m Compounds(n>1, m=1)
15.4 Phase-Change Materials
15.5 Conclusions
References
16 Energetic Ground State Calculations, Electronic BandStructure at Surfaces
16.1 Preliminary Remarks
16.2 Density Functional Theory at Surfaces
16.3 Electronic States at Surfaces
16.4 Adsorption of Simple Atomsand Molecules
16.5 Adsorption of Organic Molecules
16.6 Conclusions
References
Part D Collective And Single Particle Excitations
17 Electron Energy-Loss and Photoelectron Spectroscopies of Surfaces and Two-Dimensional Crystals
17.1 Probing Solid Targets with Electrons and Light: What Kind of a Theory Do We Need?
17.2 Inelastic Scattering of Electrons: General Formalism
17.3 Energy-Loss Functions
17.4 Application to EELS of Metal Surfaces
17.5 EELS of Q2-D Materials: Important Particulars
17.6 Dielectric Screening in Photoemission
17.7 Calculation of Response Functions
17.8 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
18 Surface Plasmons and Plasmonics
18.1 Dynamical Screening at Surfaces
18.2 Surface Plasmon Dispersion
18.3 Lattice Effects on the SurfacePlasmon Dispersion
18.4 Effect of the Band Structureon Surface Plasmon Energyand Dispersion:The Case of Noble Metals
18.5 Surface Plasmon Damping
18.6 Multipole Plasmon Modeat Noble Metal Surfaces
18.7 Temperature Dependence of the SP
18.8 Effect of Adsorption and of SurfaceNanostructuringon Surface PlasmonEnergy and Dispersion
18.9 Mie Resonance Shiftand Surface Plasmon Dispersion
18.10 Surface Plasmonsand Surface Plasmon Polaritons
18.11 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
19 Plasmons in One and Two Dimensions
19.1 Sheet Plasmons
19.2 Quasi-One-Dimensional Plasmons
19.3 Measured Peak Width of Plasmon Losses
19.4 Conclusions
References
20 Ab Initio Theory of Interband Transitions
20.1 General Theoretical Framework
20.2 Theory of Surface Spectroscopy
20.3 Ab-initio Approach
20.4 Clean Semiconductor Surfaces
20.5 Adsorbate-induced Effects
20.6 Excitonic and Local-Field Effects
20.7 Concluding Remarks
References
Part E Surface Magnetism
21 Magnetic Surfaces, Thin Films and Nanostructures
21.1 Fundamentals
21.2 Surfaces of Bulk Crystals
21.3 Ultrathin Films
21.4 Non-collinear Spin Configurations
21.5 One-Dimensional Atomic Chains
21.6 Single-Atom Magnets
21.7 Outlook and Perspectives
References
22 Magnetic Properties of Oxide Surfaces and Films
22.1 Overview
22.2 Experimental Methods
22.3 Engineering Oxide–Metal Interfaces with Buffer Layers
22.4 Chemical and Magnetic Properties in Low-Dimensional Transition Metal Oxides
22.5 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Part F Lattice Dynamics
23 Surface Phonons: Theoretical Methods and Results
23.1 Concepts and Methods of Surface Lattice Dynamics
23.2 The Role of Electrons in Surface Dynamics
23.3 Some Open Problems
References
24 Electron-Phonon Interaction on Metallic Surfaces,Overlayers and Thin Films
24.1 Basic Concepts
24.2 Computational Approaches
24.3 Experimental Determination of Electron–PhononCoupling Strength
24.4 Electron–Phonon Couplingof Electronic Surface States
24.5 Electron–Phonon Interactionand Phonons
24.6 Conclusions
References
25 Spatially Resolved Surface Vibrational Spectroscopies
25.1 Surface Spectroscopy
25.2 STM-IETS Experiments and Theory
25.3 Survey of STM-IETS Reportsfor Various Systems
25.4 In-Depth Analysis of IETSof an Alkanethiol Molecule
25.5 Mapping of IETS Signals
25.6 Summary
References
26 Adsorption Sites, Bonding Configurations, Reactions and Mass Transport Surface
26.1 Surface Techniques Survey
26.2 IR Measurements of Surfaces and Thin Films
26.3 Low-Energy Ion Scattering
26.4 Combining IR, XPS,and LEIS Measurements
26.5 Conclusions and Outlook
References
Part G Gas Surface Interaction
27 Gas Surface Interaction and Surface Reactions
27.1 The Gas–Surface Interaction
27.2 Surface Reactions
27.3 Perspectives
References
28 Nonadiabatic Effects in Gas-Surface Dynamics
28.1 Modeling Gas–Surface Interaction
28.2 Theory of Electronic Friction in a Free Electron Gas
28.3 Fundamentals of the Local-Density Friction Approximation
28.4 The Local-Density Friction Approximation Appliedto Elementary Gas–Surface Processes
28.5 Conclusion
References
29 Self-assembly of Organic Molecules at Metal Surfaces
29.1 Molecular Engineering of Surfaces
29.2 Organometallic Compounds and Covalent Bond Networks
29.3 Noncovalent Bonding
29.4 Conclusions
References
30 Energetics of Adsorption: Single Crystal Calorimetry
30.1 Methods for Calorimetry
30.2 Definition of the Heat of Adsorption
30.3 Experimental Setups
30.4 Overview of Experimental Results by the Cambridge Group
30.5 Overview of Experimental Results by the Washington Group
30.6 Results of Other Research Groups
30.7 Conclusions
References
31 Kinetics of Adsorption, Desorption and Reactions at Surfaces
31.1 Surface Reaction
31.2 Desorption with Fast Surface Diffusion
31.3 Examples
31.4 Kinetic Lattice-Gas Models
31.5 Concluding Remarks
References
32 State Resolved Sticking Probability in Gas-SurfaceInteraction
32.1 Effect of Rotational Energy on S
32.2 Effect of Vibrational Energy on S
32.3 Conclusions
References
Part H Chemical Reactions At Surfaces
33 From Surface Science to Industrial Heterogeneous Catalysis
33.1 Industrial Chemistry and Catalysis
33.2 Industrial Heterogeneous Catalysis and Catalysts
33.3 On the Complexity of Industrial Catalytic Materials
33.4 Surface Science, Surface Chemistry, and IndustrialHeterogeneous Catalysis
33.5 Surface Acido-basicity and Heterogeneous Acido-basic Catalysts
33.6 Solid Catalysts for Oxidation Reactions
33.7 Solid Catalysts for Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation Reactions
33.8 A Case Study: Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)for the Production of Hydrogen
33.9 Conclusions
References
34 Electrochemical Behavior of Single Crystal Electrodeson Model Processes
34.1 Preparation of Single-Crystal Surfaces
34.2 Some Remarks About the Experimental Procedures
34.3 Voltammetric Characterization
34.4 Electrochemical Behavior of Gold Single-Crystal Surfaces
34.5 Voltammetry of Platinum Single Crystals
34.6 Charge Displacement Experiment
34.7 Stepped Surfaces
34.8 Potential of Zero Charge
34.9 Underpotential Deposition of Metals on Single-Crystal Electrodes
34.10 CO Adsorption and Oxidation on PlatinumSingle-Crystal Electrodes
34.11 Oxidation of Small Organic Molecules on PlatinumSingle-Crystal Electrodes
34.12 Concluding Remarks
References
Part I Current Topics In Surface Science
35 Selected Topics in Contact Mechanicsand Nanotribology
35.1 Contact Between Rough Surfaces
35.2 Macroscopic Sliding Friction
35.3 Sliding Friction on the Atomic Scale
35.4 Ultimate Limits of Nanotribology: From Noncontact Friction to Abrasive Nanowear
35.5 Conclusions
References
36 Graphene
36.1 Structure
36.2 Growth
36.3 Graphene on Metal Surfaces
36.4 Metal Intercalation
36.5 Chemical Reactivity of Graphene
36.6 Summary and Perspectives
References
37 Silicene
37.1 The Concept: Freestanding Silicene
37.2 Silicene Synthesis and Characterization
37.3 Multilayer Silicene
37.4 Functionalization and Encapsulation
37.5 Devices
37.6 Exotic Forms of Silicon in Zero and One Dimension
37.7 Perspectives and Conclusion
References
38 Cluster-Assembled Carbon Thin Films
38.1 Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition
38.2 Surface Morphology of Cluster-Assembled Carbon Thin Films
38.3 Cluster-Assembled Carbon Nanocomposites
38.4 Cluster-Assembled Carbon Thin Films for Energy Applications
38.5 Conclusions
References
39 Nuclear Methods in Surface Science
39.1 Methods Employing Swift Ion Collisions
39.2 Accelerators
39.3 Stopping Power
39.4 Principles of RBS and ERDA
39.5 Application of RBS and ERDA
39.6 Advanced ERDA
39.7 Outline of HRBS, HERDA, and MEIS
39.8 Ion Channeling and Blocking in MEIS, HRBS, and RBS
39.9 Introduction to NRA
39.10 Application of NRA for H at the Surfaceand in the Subsurface Region
39.11 Application of NRA for H in Nanoclusters on the Surface
39.12 Hydrogen Embrittlement Studied by Microbeam NRA
39.13 NRA to Study Oxide Film Growth
39.14 Conclusions
References
Subject Index
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