Smart Buildings Digitalization: Case Studies on Data Centers and Automation

✍ Scribed by O.V. Gnana Swathika (editor), K. Karthikeyan (editor), Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban (editor)

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 331
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book explains data centres concept including data collection, public parking systems, smart metering, and sanitizer dispenser. Electric urban transport systems and effective electric distribution in smart cities are discussed as well. The extensive role of power electronics in smart building applications like Electric vehicles, Rooftop terracing, and Renewable Energy Integration is included. Case Studies on automation in smart homes, commercial, and official buildings are elaborated. Describes complete implication of smart buildings via industrial, commercial and community platforms.

• Systematically defines energy-efficient buildings, employing power consumption optimization techniques with inclusion of renewable energy sources.
• Covers data centre and cyber security with excellent data storage features for smart buildings.
• Includes systematic and detailed strategies for building air conditioning and lighting.
• Details smart building security propulsion.

This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers and professionals in building systems engineering, Architectural engineering, electrical engineering.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Nonlinear Controller for Electric Vehicles in Smart Buildings
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Converter Analysis and Dynamic Modeling
1.3 PFC Based on Conventional ACM Control
1.4 Differential Flatness-Based Controller for AC/DC Converter
1.5 Design Considerations
1.6 Controller Realization through Simulation
1.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Guidance System for Smart Building Using Li-Fi
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Literature Review
2.2.1 Transferring Data Using Li-Fi Technology
2.2.2 Constrained and Quantized Graph Algorithm to Find the Shortest Path
2.2.3 Bluetooth Technology for Communication
2.3 Existing System
2.4 Proposed System
2.5 Architecture of the System
2.6 Workflow
2.7 Modules
2.7.1 Module 1
2.7.2 Module 2
2.7.3 Module 3
2.7.4 Module 4
2.7.5 Algorithm
2.8 Constraints
2.9 Conclusion
2.10 Future Work
References
Chapter 3 Smart Building Automation System
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Smart Building Architecture
3.3 Technologies Required to Build Smart Buildings
3.4 Building Automation System (BAS)
3.4.1 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning System (HVAC System)
3.4.2 Sensors
3.4.3 Actuators
3.5 IoT Applications in Smart Buildings
3.6 Potential Benefits of Smart Building
3.7 Drawbacks of Incorporating Technology in Buildings
References
Chapter 4 Semi-Autonomous Human Detection, Tracking, and Following Robot in a Smart Building
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Related Work
4.2.1 Human Detection
4.2.2 Object Tracking
4.2.3 Surveillance Robots
4.3 Proposed Work
4.3.1 Hardware Design
4.3.2 Software Design
4.3.3 Working Algorithm
4.4 Results and Discussion
4.4.1 Experimental Setting
4.4.2 Human Detection Range Test
4.5 Human Tracking Speed Test
4.6 Human Tracking Occlusion Recovery Test
4.7 Comparison of Tracking Algorithms
4.8 Conclusion and Challenges Ahead
References
Chapter 5 Current-Starved and Skewed Topologies of CNTFET-Based Ring Oscillators for Temperature Sensors
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Background
5.3 Current-Starved Ring Oscillator
5.4 Skewed Topologies
5.5 Negative PMOS and NMOS SKEW Ring Oscillator
5.6 Current-Controlled NMOS and PMOS Ring Oscillators
5.7 Current-Mode CNTFET IFLM (C-IFLM)
5.8 Summary
References
Chapter 6 Efficient Data Storage with Tier IV Data Center in Smart Buildings
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Design Criteria for Tier IV Data Center
6.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 IoT-Based Data Collection Platform for Smart Buildings
7.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
7.2 Objectives
7.3 Problem Formulation
7.4 Design of the Scaled-Down Network on Breadboard
7.5 Design of the Thing Speak Platform for Visualization of the Parameters
7.6 Design of the IoT Platform
7.7 Design Specifications
7.8 Design of the Hardware Model
7.8.1 Case 1: ON Switch of Bus 1 Is Pressed
7.8.2 Case 2: ON Switch of Bus 2 Is Pressed
7.8.3 Case 3: OFF Switch of both Buses Is Pressed
7.8.4 Case 4: ON Switch of both Buses Is Pressed
7.9 Results and Discussions
7.10 Conclusion
7.11 Future Scope
References
Chapter 8 Sensor Data Validation for IoT Applications
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Literature Review
8.3 Proposed System
8.4 Implementation
8.5 Result and Discussion
8.6 Conclusion
Chapter 9 Energy Economic Appliances’ Scheduling for Smart Home Environment
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Appliances’ Categorization
9.3 System Description
9.4 Simulation Results
9.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 IoT-Based Smart Metering
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Proposed System
10.3 Outcome
10.4 Hardware-Used Interpretation
10.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Smart Decentralized Control Approach for Energy Management in Smart Homes with EV Load
Abbreviations
11.1 Introduction: Importance of Energy Saving
11.1.1 Load Categorization and Control Strategy
11.2 Proposed System
11.2.1 Sizing of PV Panel
11.2.2 Sizing of Backup Battery
11.3 Design of Subsystems
11.3.1 Inverter Subsystem
11.3.2 Filter Circuit Design for Inverter
11.3.3 Backup Battery Subsystem
11.3.3.1 EV Battery Charging Subsystem
11.4 Master Controller
11.5 Results and Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Design and Implementation of Prototype for Smart Home Using Internet of Things and Cloud
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Benefits of Home Automation System
12.2.1 Cost of Installation
12.2.2 Scalability and Extension of the System
12.2.3 Mobile Phone Integration
12.3 Related Works
12.4 System Analysis
12.4.1 Problem Statement
12.4.2 Feature of the Proposed System
12.5 Design and Implementation
12.5.1 Proposed Home Automation System
12.5.2 System Design
12.5.3 System Implementation
12.6 Results and Discussion
12.7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Chapter 13 IoT Platform for Monitoring and Optimization of the Public Parking System in Firebase
13.1 Introduction and Literature Survey
13.2 Methodology
13.3 Implementation
13.4 Results and Discussion
13.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 IoT-Based Smart Health Monitoring System
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Objective of the Project
14.1.2 Scope of the Project
14.1.3 Background
14.1.4 Motivation
14.2 Literature Review
14.3 Novelty of the Idea
14.3.1 Overview
14.3.2 Multifunctional
14.3.3 Features
14.3.4 Technology Stack
14.4 Design Approach
14.4.1 Components Used
14.4.2 Methodology
14.4.3 Implementation
14.5 Conclusion
14.5.1 Results
14.5.2 Summary
References
Chapter 15 Energy Management System for Smart Buildings: Mini Review
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Methodologies
15.3 Optimization and Algorithms
15.4 IoT and Smart Technologies
15.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Augmented Lagrangian Model to Analyze the Synergies of Electric Urban Transport Systems and Energy Distribution in Smart Cities
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Augmented Lagrangian Method
16.3 Initializing the Multipliers
16.4 Procedure for Feasibility
16.5 Optimization Model Formulation
16.6 Objective Function and Constraints
16.7 Augmented Lagrangian Model
16.8 Augmented Lagrangian Relaxation Algorithm
16.9 Numerical Calculations
16.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Grid-Interconnected Photovoltaic Power System with LCL Filter Feasible for Rooftop Terracing
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Block Diagram of the Proposed System
17.2.1 MPPT Control
17.2.2 Boost Converter
17.2.3 NPC Inverter
17.2.4 Closed-Loop PI Controller
17.2.5 LCL Filter Controller
17.3 Materials and Methodology Used
17.3.1 Descriptive Details of PV Systems
17.3.2 Materials Used in the PV Cells’ Fabrication
17.3.3 PV Cell Characteristics
17.4 Work Plan of Rooftop Terracing
17.5 Simulation Results and Hardware Description
17.6 Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 18 An Efficient ZCS-Based Boost Converter for Commercial Building Lighting Applications
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Circuit Description
18.2.1 Steady State Analysis
18.2.2 Design of the SBC
18.3 Experimental Results
18.4 Case Study of Lighting Design for a Commercial Building
18.4.1 Lighting Design for a Tennis Court
18.4.2 Energy Savings in the Tennis Court
18.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19 Implementation of Smart Grids and Case Studies through ETAP in Commercial and Official Buildings
19.1 About ETAP Software
19.2 Case Study – Detail
19.3 Load Details of the IT Office Building Campus
19.4 Wind Turbine Characteristic Design in ETAP 20.0.4 (WTG)
19.4.1 Control Mode Used for Western Electric Coordination Council (WECC) Type 4
19.4.2 Wind Turbine Generator’s V[Sub(min)] and V[Sub(max)] Parameters
19.4.3 Wind Turbine Ramp Start and Stop Details
19.5 Solar PV Array (PVA) Characteristic Design in ETAP 20.0.4
19.6 PVA Design Parameters
19.6.1 Inverter Details of Solar PVA
19.7 Renewable Sources in the Distribution Network Feeding at lT Bus 0.415 kV
19.7.1 Overall SLD in ETAP 20.0.4
19.7.2 Analysis in Detail
19.8 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 20 Data Logger-Aided Stand-Alone PV System for Rural Electrification
Abbreviations
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Methodologies
20.3 Optimization and Analysis
20.4 IoT and Smart Technologies
20.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 21 Smart Solar Modules for Smart Buildings
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Fundamentals of Solar Cells
21.3 CdS/CdTe Solar Cells
21.4 Roadmap of Research
21.5 The Advanced Research Deposition System
21.6 The Need for Automation of Experiments
21.6.1 Methodology
21.6.2 Results and Discussion
21.6.3 Conclusion
21.6.3.1 Challenges Addressed
21.6.3.2 Perspective
21.7 Future Work
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 22 IoT-Based Smart Hand Sanitizer Dispenser (COVID-19)
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Literature Survey
22.3 Proposed System
22.4 Methodology
22.4.1 Hand Detection
22.4.2 Temperature Detection
22.4.3 Face Mask Detection
22.4.4 Data Aggregation (Cloud)
22.5 Implementation
22.5.1 Hardware Implementation
22.5.2 Software Implementation
22.5.2.1 CNN Architecture
22.5.2.2 Face Mask Detection Algorithm Using CNN
22.5.2.3 Data Aggregation and Visualization
22.6 Conclusion and Future Works
Acknowledgment
References
Index