Cover Page......Page 1
Dedication......Page 3
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents
......Page 6
Preface
......Page 10
Acknowledgments
......Page 13
About the Author
......Page 15
What Does a Formative Assessment-Centered Classroom Look Like?......Page 16
Why Use FACTs?
......Page 18
How Does Research Support the Use of FACTs?
......Page 21
Classroom Environments That Support Formative Assessment......Page 23
Connecting Teaching and Learning
......Page 25
Making the Shift to a Formative Assessment-Centered Classroom
......Page 26
Integrating Assessment and Instruction
......Page 30
Assessment That Promotes Thinking and Learning
......Page 31
Linking Assessment, Instruction, and Learning: The Science Assessment, Instruction, and Learning Cycle (SAIL Cycle)......Page 33
Eliciting Prior Knowledge
......Page 35
Exploration and Discovery
......Page 39
Self-Assessment and Reflection
......Page 40
Selecting and Using FACTs to Strengthen the Link Between Assessment, Instruction, and Learning......Page 41
Selecting FACTs to Match Learning Goals
......Page 46
Selecting FACTs to Match Teaching Goals
......Page 47
The Critical Importance of Classroom Context in Selecting FACTs......Page 49
Planning to Use and Implement FACTs
......Page 50
Starting Off With Small Steps
......Page 52
Maintaining and Extending Implementation
......Page 53
Using Data From the FACTs
......Page 55
4. Get the FACTs! 75 Science Formative Assessment Classroom Techniques (FACTs)......Page 60
#1: A&D Statements
......Page 63
#2: Agreement Circles
......Page 66
#3: Annotated Student Drawings
......Page 68
#4: Card Sorts
......Page 71
#5: CCCโCollaborative Clued Corrections
......Page 74
#6: Chain Notes
......Page 77
#7: Commit and Toss
......Page 80
#8: Concept Card Mapping
......Page 83
#9: Concept Cartoons
......Page 86
#10: Data Match
......Page 90
#11: Directed Paraphrasing
......Page 92
#12: Explanation Analysis
......Page 94
#13: Fact First Questioning
......Page 98
#14: Familiar Phenomenon Probes
......Page 100
#15: First WordโLast Word
......Page 103
#16: Fishbowl Think Aloud
......Page 106
#17: Fist to Five
......Page 108
#18: Focused Listing
......Page 110
#19: Four Corners
......Page 112
#20: Frayer Model
......Page 114
#21: Friendly Talk Probes
......Page 117
#22: Give Me Five
......Page 119
#23: Guided Reciprocal Peer Questioning
......Page 121
#24: Human Scatterplots
......Page 124
#25: Informal Student Interviews
......Page 126
#26: Interest Scale
......Page 130
#27: I ThinkโWe Think
......Page 132
#28: I Used to Think . . . But Now I Know
......Page 134
#29: Juicy Questions
......Page 136
#30: Justified List
......Page 138
#31: Justified True or False Statements
......Page 141
#32: K-W-L Variations
......Page 143
#33: Learning Goals Inventory (LGI)
......Page 146
#34: Look Back
......Page 148
#35: Missed Conception
......Page 150
#36: Muddiest Point
......Page 153
#37: No-Hands Questioning
......Page 155
#38: Odd One Out
......Page 157
#39: Paint the Picture
......Page 160
#40: Partner Speaks
......Page 162
#41: Pass the Question
......Page 164
#42: A Picture Tells a Thousand Words
......Page 166
#43: P-E-O Probes (Predict, Explain, Observe)
......Page 168
#44: POMSโPoint of Most Significance
......Page 171
#45: Popsicle Stick Questioning
......Page 173
#46: Prefacing Explanations
......Page 174
#47: PVFโPaired Verbal Fluency
......Page 176
#48: Question Generating
......Page 178
#49: Recognizing Exceptions
......Page 180
#50: Refutations
......Page 182
#51: Representation Analysis
......Page 184
#52: RERUN
......Page 187
#53: Scientistsโ Ideas Comparison
......Page 188
#54: Sequencing
......Page 191
#55: Sticky Bars
......Page 193
#56: STIPโScientific Terminology Inventory Probe
......Page 195
#57: Student Evaluation of Learning Gains
......Page 198
#58: Synectics
......Page 201
#59: Ten-Two
......Page 203
#60: Thinking Log
......Page 204
#61: Think-Pair-Share
......Page 207
#62: Thought Experiments
......Page 209
#63: Three-Minute Pause
......Page 210
#64: Three-Two-One
......Page 212
#65: Traffic Light Cards
......Page 214
#66: Traffic Light Cups
......Page 216
#67: Traffic Light Dots
......Page 218
#68: Two-Minute Paper
......Page 219
#69: Two or Three Before Me
......Page 221
#70: Two Stars and a Wish
......Page 222
#71: Two-Thirds Testing
......Page 224
#72: VolleyballโNot Ping-Pong!
......Page 226
#73: Wait Time Variations
......Page 228
#74: What Are You Doing and Why?
......Page 231
#75: Whiteboarding
......Page 233
Appendix
......Page 237
References
......Page 240
Index
......Page 243