✍ Scribed by François Recanati
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
What is it for a singular term, or for a use of a singular term, to be referential in the strong sense, i.e. "purely" or "directly" referential? This is the question I will try to answer in this paper. The intuitive (and largely metaphorical) notion of referentiality that is current in the philosophical literature emerges from the following set of statements:
A referential term is a term that serves simply to refer. It is devoid of descriptive content, in the sense at least that what it contributes to the proposition expressed by the sentence where it occurs is not a concept, but an object. Such a sentence is used to assert of the object referred to that it falls under the concept expressed by the predicate expression in the sentence. Proper names and demonstrative expressions are supposed to be referential in this sense; and although definite descriptions are not intrinsically referential, they have a referential use.
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